| China's vegetable industry has been developing fast since the reform and opening up to the outside world. In 1980, china's planting area of vegetable was only 3163,000 hectares, with the total output 83 million tons, vegetable was one of the comparatively scarce agricultural products at that time, however, china's vegetable planting area has been enlarged into 17721000 hectares, reaching an output of 560 million tons in 2005, when china has become the country producing and consuming largest amount of vegetables in the world. According to the statistics of agriculture department, sales of vegetables add 372.6 RMB to Chinese farmers' average income per capita in 2003, and planting of vegetables has become an important way for farmers to make profits. But the market environment is undergoing great change while china's vegetable industry is developing rapidly. First of all, china's domestic market is reaching saturation; it is changing into buyers' market from sellers' market, some vegetables with high quality, such as nontoxic, harmless and pesticide residue-free vegetables are much more favored by consumers, while the farmers face the difficulty in selling their vegetables. On the other hand, vegetables' safety is drawing more and more emphasis in the global market; the standard of the admittance into the international market is becoming higher. Some developed countries put limits to china's vegetable export through green barriers and anti-dumping, as a result, the volume of china's vegetable export is fluctuating year by year, and the international trade of vegetable is facing new challenges. China's vegetable enterprises are seeking new organization modes to adjust to these changes of the market, and emerge of vegetable chain provides a new way in promoting the development of china's vegetable industry.Vegetable chain refers to the technological economic process which links the production, processing, storing and saling together, it adds value to the vegetable chain through the organization, coordination and control of people, finance, facility, information and technologyon in the different links and it's a new organizational management mode governs the integrated net chain combined by different links from the production,processing and saling of vegetable. The vegetable industry is one of the agricultural sections that undergo the changes in organization mode. The word "industrialization in agriculture", which was proposed in 1993, was initially explained when the "vegetable enterprise plus farmers"mode emerged in shandong province. With a few years' development, the organization mode in china's vegetable enterprise changes a lot.The theory and practice of international agri-chain management has proved that the management in agri-chain is able to respond to the change in the demand of market, it's one of the most important ways in the process of traditional agriculture moves to modern agriculture, and it benefits the industrial upgrade. When we look at the trend of international agricultural development and the competition in international agri-products market, the key in deciding a country's competitiveness in agricultural industry in the future is the competitiveness of the core enterprises in agri-chain, while the competitiveness of the core enterprises is directly linked with its organizational mode and its efficiency. So, how the agri-chain mode run in the existing enterprises? What are the influencing factors? Which factors influence the organizational efficiency? To solve the questions above, this research makes a comprehensive study about the organization mode, organization efficiency and the influence that the introduction of agri-chain has on the farmers. The research is divided into seven chapters, and the main content and statements of the conclusions are as follows:Research content one: Elaboration and analysis of the general situation of china's vegetables industry and its change in market environment. This article analyzes the development and change in the production, consumption, circulation and international trade of china's vegetable industry, using the existing statistical materials in this industry, and the research indicates the following findings: in the production realm, the total volume has already achieved the saturation even overplus, the nationwide vegetable production pattern has been basically formed. The vegetable farmers are gradually plant the vegetables intensively and in large-scale; In the vegetables consumption realm, china's residents' vegetables consumption amount was ever short before the reform and opening up, but now it has become plentiful. Consumers pays much more attention to the diversity and safety of fresh and unprocessed vegetables; In the vegetables circulation realm, the original state monopoly for purchase and marketing's circulation policy was already abandoned, the vegetables circulation has been dominated by market, at present, vegetables trade markets, wholesale circulation markets and supermarkets are the three main ways to distribute vegetables; In vegetables' international trade realm, china's vegetables export volume and export value are growing rapidly after the 1990s, however, as the import countries are comparatively concentrated, the main export items are preliminary vegetables which are easy to store, the competitive power of the deep processing vegetables are not strong, and also as the problems such as pesticide residues are drawing more and more concern in the global vegetable market, china's vegetable export is facing severe challenge. As a result, it is the fundamental changes in the four realms of vegetable industry that force the vegetables core enterprise to seek the new management pattern in the organization modes to deal with change in the market demand.Research contents two: this part defines and analyzes the basic organization modes in china's vegetable chain, then describes the change of these organization modes. Considering the research related with agri-chain conducted by domestic and foreign scholars and the basic situation got from our survey, this article proposes the basic standard to distinguish different vegetables chain, and according to the role vegetables core enterprise play in the chain and their product characteristics locates in the vegetables industry chain, the article divides the vegetable chain into two types: one is the link pattern in the enterprises with selling vegetables as their main business, another is the link pattern in the enterprises with processing vegetables as their main business, furthermore, it divides the enterprises of these two types into four detailed types and make a particular comparison of these four types, finally it analyzes the trend of the change in the organization modes in the vegetable chain. The research result indicates that the main linking mode in the vegetable chain's organization is contract, the property rights mode is not the mainstream; The enterprises with selling vegetables as their main business link tighter with their upstream parts, such as the individual vegetable farmers and vegetable cooperatives, and this link is becoming tighter, while the link between these enterprises and their downstream enterprises is comparatively loose. However, other enterprises with processing vegetables as their main business tend to choose vegetable suppliers with a certain scale as their upstream to link with, by doing this, they can cut the enterprises' cost and increase the stability of the supply of the crude materials that the enterprises need, so they mainly link with their downstream enterprises with contracts, this is directly related with the situation that china's vegetable products are in the buyers' market. As china's enterprises with vegetables as their main business are undergoing the changes in the external and internal environment, their organization modes have the trend to developing into tighter link pattern.Research contents three: this part builds a hypothesis model to estimate the organization efficiency of the vegetable chain, it analyzes the factors that influence vegetables chain's organization efficiency and estimates how the factors influence the organization efficiency. This article elaborates the definition of organization and organization efficiency, it makes the two aspects of organization efficiency clear, and then analyzes the related factors influencing the organization efficiency of vegetable chain and builds the related model, finally uses the correlated data to confirm the hypothesis. The findings indicates that the uncertainty of the internal and external environment of enterprise with vegetables as their core business, cooperation ability and intention of the enterprise, and the intensity of the supply chain all have indirect or the direct influence on the organization efficiency; among them, the enterprise cooperation ability, enterprise intention and intensity of the organization link have direct influence on the supply chain organization efficiency, the uncertainty of the internal and external environment of enterprise, enterprise cooperation ability and enterprise intention have the indirect influence on the supply chain organization efficiency; the intensity of the organization link has the greatest direct influence on the organization efficiency, while the enterprise cooperation ability has the greatest comprehensive influence of the organization efficiency. So we can conclude that we have to establish a stably and reliable organization link pattern to raise the vegetable chain's organization efficiency, and we have to strengthen enterprise cooperation ability to enhance the intensity of the supply chain and increase the efficiency of the organization.Research contents four: this part analyzes the influence that the introduction of vegetable chain has on the planting ways and selling ways of the vegetable farmers. This article analyzes the influence that the introduction of vegetable chain has on the planting ways and selling ways of the vegetable farmers. The research findings shows that when the vegetable farmers link with the core enterprises, vegetable farmer's original resources restraint will be loosened, and then, the farmers tend to raise their efficiency to utilize the resources and to change their planting ways to increase the vegetable output, at the same time, the farmers also tend to enlarge the scale to plant some specialized vegetables; After the vegetable farmers join the supply chain, the relations between the vegetable farmers and the core enterprise or the purchase company's are closer, the vegetable fanners have the tendency to transfer their selling ways in order to maintain the common benefits between them and the enterprises. As a result, we can change china's present small individual farmer's production way to large-scale, high-intensity and specialized production way through strengthening the link between enterprise with vegetables as their core business and vegetable farmers; When we try to solve the insufficiency caused by the little production of the individual farmers and the great demand of the market, vegetable chain may also offer as a good way to solve the problem. Linking the farmers, enterprises and market through vegetable chain will be one of the main methods to upgrade china's vegetable industry in the future and enlarge the vegetable export trade. |
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