Transformation Of Urban Poverty And Employment

As an old and eternal theme, Poverty is paid more and more attention by researchers. The research on poverty is one of the most complicated and disputable field. Although economy in every country has an unprecedented development, poverty which has spread all over the world is still a trouble for all the countries. This phenomenon is remarkable for urban China during Transition Period. The urban poverty is social phenomenon happening in the process of economic transition. Before the reform, rural poverty is the most important one of the two poverty——rural poverty and urban poverty, while with the deepening of China's economy and system reform the economy of urban China enter a hard period which made urban poverty more and more serious.This thesis applies the methods of a well combination of theoretical analysis and empirical study to doing research on the urban poverty and the facts impacting the employment in the transitional period in China.The analysis about the status in quo of urban poverty group shows that, laid-off and employment are the most centralized and noticeable group, which have the unbalanced characteristic in areas and industries. Their consumption structure is single and the physical and mental health is disappointing. This thesis does the empirical study to analyze the determinants of the two dimensions of poverty caused by the unemployment and the low employment quality, so as to establish the anti-poverty system. Among the determinants of unemployment, this thesis discussed the impacts of economic growth, urban-rural income gap and the industry structural adjustment on employment. The results show that GDP is positive correlate to valid number of employment, the unemployment amount is positive correlated to Urban-rural income gap, and the test of the relation between industry structural and employment structure show that the value proportion of first industry declined constantly, the value proportion of secondary industry is still the highest among them. However, the industry structure and the employment structure is not synchronous and the employment structure is lag industry structure to some extent. Employment structure is still mainly with the first industry, but the industry structure has shown the characters that leaning the secondary and the tertiary industry. Therefore, the government should promote adjusting employment structure soon so as to fit the transition of industry structure. This thesis also described the status of employment quality from seven dimensions, which composed of wage, welfare, job stability, career opportunity, work-life balance, labor relation, fairness and voice. The results show that the employment quality of urban poverty group is low, which is not only manifested in the low wage, but also mainly in the imperfect welfare, being fired at any moment, the vague career opportunity caused by low education and skills, work over time at all time, unbalance the work and life, the serious conflict of labor relations. the unfairness perceived by the poverty group and support one's right weakly. This thesis also analyzed the facts impacting the employment quality, such as Population statistical variables, human capital and social capital, industry and the policies and regulations in China. Based on the analysis and empirical study on the above two dimensions .This paper designed the frame about the anti-poverty strategies respectively from three lays that macrocosmic——country, midview——corporation, microcosmic——individual, and come up with some suggestions concretely.The main innovations through the study on urban poverty in China during the transition period in the dissertation as follows:1.The innovation about research angle of view. The analysis on status of urban poverty group finds that the urban poverty group is mainly composed of unemployment, laid-off and low-wage workers. Therefore whether to employ or not and the level of employment quality are the important reasons influencing urban poverty. The former researchers sometimes pay attention to the relation between employment amount and poverty, and little concerned about the employment quality as the key factor. This thesis considered two dimensions that employment amount and employment quality across-the-board, which is possible innovation2. The seven dimensions of employment quality is put forward based on the ideas of former researchers. This thesis believes that the seven dimensions are wage, welfare, job stability, career opportunity, work-life balance, labor relation, fairness and voice, which is not only concerned the low level demands such as wage and welfare, but also concerned higher demands such as participating the organization and work-life balance. Hence, the seven dimensions are more comprehensive to reflect the concerned factors, which are the possible innovations in this thesis.