Study On Driving Force Of Tourism Development

It has been a long time since tourism became a social phenomena and an individual activity. However, its appearance as an industry is not a long history. Recent years have seen notable achievements in China's tourism development due to the great importance attached from governments at all levels. The quick development of tourism has raised various research topics, among which tourism driving force has received more attention. Internal driving force should be clarified in order to better promote tourism development no matter what tourism is understood as a tourist's individual activity or tourism industry'activity. This research will do something uesfull explore in this regard.Based on traveling motivation theory and decision making model, this dissertation obtains the firsthand materials on urban residents'traveling motivation and the promoting and restricting factors on their decision making in Kaifeng city from questionnaire investigation. The relationship between the degree of satisfaction and the motivation and decision making is derived by using various statistics methods such as descriptive analysis, factor analysis, K-Means Cluster Analysis, ANOVA, Multiple Response, Cross-tabulation, Nonparametric tests, etc. The classification of urban residents based on their traveling characteristics further uncovers the relationship between the tourist type and their socioeconomic characteristics. Finally, a microscopic tourism driving force model is developed considering the drawbacks existing in the current tourism driving force models.Even though lots of fruits have been achieved in the field of tourism driving force, there are still some problems demanding prompt solution within tourism geography and related disciplines. For example, what is the microscopic basis of tourism driving force? How to explain the wave phenomena in tourism development? Which factors restrict the traveling decision making? This paper tries to answer the following questions.First, driving mechanism of macroscopic tourism development is explained by constructing model from microscopic level. Different from the existing models (most are macroscopic models), this model not only explains the traveling activities of individual tourists, but also the driving force of tourism targets and tourist industry.Second, compared with the existing models, this model explains the tourism activities and tourism development from both positive and negative driving mechanism. It is more comprehensive, realistic, and persuasive than the existing models which only explain the positive driving mechanism.Third, existing tourism motivation studies mainly focus on one type of tourism activity or one tourism destination, their results have limitations. This research conducts motivation investigation on urban residents'overall traveling activities. Factor analysis is applied to identify the dimensions of traveling motivation, and K-Means Cluster Analysis is employed to classify the tourists. The results are more objective, accurate, and applicable.Fourth, this research on traveling decision making factors not only concern the impacts of promoting and restricting factors on urban residents traveling decisions, but also on no-traveling decisions. It's a creative point compared with those neglecting no-traveling decisions.Fifth, the results also have some reference values for tourism marketing. The theory and practice are combined in this dissertation.This dissertation is composed of eight parts with chapter one being introduction, which analyzes the tourism development at home and abroad, and the research topics of general interest in tourism and tourism geography. In this part, the existing problems are introduced and the objective, content and methodology are specified.The second chapter includes the basic constructs and literature review. Constructs such as tourism, traveling motivation, traveling decision making, and tourism driving force have been defined. The research developments in those fields have been overviewed.The third chapter consists of research basis and framework, the theoretic base of this research is clarified, the technical line—exploring the driving mechanism of tourism industry based on individual's tourism motivation and impacting factors which impacts on decision making is framed contraposing the limitation of neglect non-tourist decision making and microscopic driving mechanism in existing models. The general situation of case area, questionnaire design and investigation methods are introduced.Chapter four is focused on tourist's motivation research. Both descriptive statistic analysis and factor analysis have been employed to analyze the results from the questionnaire investigation. Eight dimensions have been identified to the traveling motivation of the urban residents in Kaifeng city. The eight factors of traveling motivation are ranked based on their importance: factor six (leisure/traveling) > factor 8 (historic interest/scenic beauty) > factor five (emotion) > factor 7 (body/ mind) > factor four (novelty/return) > factor three (just with other activities) > factor two (attraction/enjoying) > factor one (spirit). The further analysis classifies the tourists into four types based on their scores of the eight factors: type one (negative), type two (just with other activities/spirit enjoying), factor three (historic interest/scenic beauty), and type four (active).The study of tourist types is included in chapter five. The association between the tourist types and socioeconomic variables are analyzed. The results found that tourists differentiate with 0.05 significance level in four aspects: gender, residential area, traveling motivation level, and satisfaction level. The tourists'difference level does not attain 0.05 significance level in other aspects such as age, education, occupation, the number of household member, household structure, the number of household member with income, average income per mouth per capita, average income per month per household, residential area, housing type, traveling cost structure. However, the difference in occupation and household member is still obvious.Chapter six concentrates on the study of decision making of traveling. The impacts of the promoting and restricting factors on the decision making have been analyzed. Four promoting factors have been identified based on factor analysis. The four promoting factors are ranked according to their importance: factor one (subjective and objective) > factor two (convenient/economy) > factor three (money/time)> factor four (accidental). Four constricting factors also have been identified: factor one (media/attraction) > factor two (wish/mental perception), factor three (family and health). Urban residents in Kaifeng city are classified into four types based on their scores on the four restricting factors: type one (economy/media), type two (comprehensive factors), and type three (economy), further analyzing the relationship between the tourist's restricting types and their socioeconomic variables.Chapter seven discusses the relationship between tourism driving force and industry development. A simplified model is constructed based on the results from chapter three, four, and five. The positive and negative feedback from tourism industry's development have been discussed.The results and prospect are included in chapter eight, which summaries the main conclusion, existing problems and future work.