Human Capital Investment Study Of Poor People In Cities&Towns During China's Transitional Period

Based on the"Double Transition"background of Chinese economic system and social structure, this paper gives a thorough research and systematic study into the sudden emergence of urban poverty from the perspective of human capital investment. Through the study of integrating theories and practices, this paper tries to set up a strategic system with Chinese characteristics against urban poverty, which hopefully can be helpful to slowing down the spread of urban poverty at present, with the aim of taking into consideration in the interests of all concerned and making a good coordination among them, and especially maintaining the vital interests of the poor and weak in real earnest and ensuring that they can share the benefits and achievements of reform and development so as to promote the all-around development of economy, society and individual and fulfill the grand goal of building all-around well-off society.The paper consists of six chapters. Here are the main points:Chapter One: as the introduction of the whole article, it comes straight to the point that the theoretical theme of studying urban poverty and anti-poverty is the spirit of humanistic solicitude, and makes clear the research subject and significance of this paper, preparing the way for the theoretical research and empirical analysis of the following chapters. Moreover, the introduction makes a clear definition to the basic connotation. The methodology and the train of thought, i.e. the framework of thought, are specified in this part, which lays the necessary theoretical foundations and makes the academic preparation for the analyses of the subsequent chapters.Chapter Two: This chapter is primarily through literature on poverty as the human capital to sort out outline the mechanism of poverty: human capital investment is conducive to improving the productivity of individuals and families. Thereby increasing personal or family income will improve quality of life and gain the goals of poverty reduction.Chapter Three: For differences in human capital, there is a gap between the income. This is the basic tenet of human capital theory, and this paper analyzes the logical point. But this view can sustain a realistic test? This chapter attempts, residents of the region and to provide certainty on this issue three levels of response.Chapter Four: it describes the existing situation of the urban Poor's human capital in China's transitional period from the realistic and objective perspective. From the objective point of this chapter describes the reality of China's human capital in transition, the urban poor condition. China's urban poor human capital is more scarce, and this is an indisputable fact that the main features: volume terms, urban poverty large population base, but has also increased; From the quality point of view, the scientific and cultural qualities of the laborers lower;from the health, the health of the urban poor is also cause for concern.Chapter Five: based on transition background of Chinese economy and society, it gives an all-around discussion to the increasingly apparent causes of Chinese urban poverty since 1990s. First, the income gap has continued to widen to individuals and families at different income levels of the behavior of heavy investment in human capital be affected. After analysis of the impact of social security investment in human capital, combined with our labor market conditions. In the end, the analyses are given to the effects that economic factors have on poverty as well as the constraints that some non-economic factors such as society, culture and personal health and psychology have on the sustained poverty.Chapter Six: it explores the types of economic strategies among the choices of modes for fighting against urban poverty in conversion period of China. First, through education assistance, health care, nutrition programs and other forms of human capital accumulation increased poverty residents, to alleviate urban poverty; Secondly, the proposed National Social Security system should be reformed the following areas: establishment of a social security system covering the entire country; accelerate the building of the labor market, the gradual elimination of the labor market fragmentation and promote national reunification, free competition in the labor market. Finally, reshape the culture of poor investment in human capital to create a good social atmosphere.In conclusion, the paper tries to make an exploration in the following aspects:1. The selection of the subject reflects the reality, predicting the future and offering solutions. As for the study of urban anti- poverty in China, the academic circle has already made some achievements, but it is this paper that gives the first try to analyzes systematically the theories and practices of anti urban poverty strategies from the perspective of human capital investment. Furthermore, this paper suggests some system constructions and policies aiming at remedying the suddenly occurred urban poverty of China in conversion period. It is easy to operate and spread.2. Integrating the spirit of humanistic solicitude into the economic studies on poverty not only helps economics better explain the problem of poverty and guide the practice of fighting against poverty more scientifically and efficiently, but also promotes the theoretical course that economics reverts to"humanistic science".3. It extends the studies on urban poverty and anti-poverty to the analyses of resource environment and humanistic factors , i.e. the non-material poverty----ecological poverty, intellectual poverty, and healthy poverty. It further analyzes the exhausted mineral resources , urban poverty and its improvement, the fragility of human capital of the poor population and its improving suggestions. This analysis is seldom in the existing studies on urban poverty of China and fighting against poverty.Meanwhile, because of the limitation of personal theoretical attainment and the deficiency of knowledge accumulation as well as the lack of statistics and research data, there are some aspects that this paper needs to improve, which are mainly reflected in two aspects: on the one hand, the problem of poverty is a complicated problem concerning social economy, so it needs multi-disciplinary theoretical knowledge to make a deep study of it. However, the author has some limitations in accumulating the knowledge besides economics and feels regret for the failure to study further. As a result, the paper does not have a set of close and theoretical study paradigms or the quantitative index system measuring humanistic poverty. On the other hand, since the Statistics Bureau of the State has not promulgated the statistic index system for our urban poverty, there are no agreed statistic requirements. Some data in this paper come from spot check or estimations of experts, scholars and the author himself. Hence it is a little far away from scientificalness and accuracy.