On Poverty Elimination Strategy Of Chinese Government And Rural China Poverty Problems

In the past 20 years, China has been among the units that achieved most rapid economic growth. By 2005, its GDP has up ranked by 32. While, one of the reports by World Bank in 2004 and the Human Development Report 2005 published by United Nations, both pointed the issue on poverty elimination speed in China. They mentioned that, during 1990 to 2001, over 90% of the poverty reduction was achieved before the year 1996, after which poverty reduction became slower and slower. There even existed"Elimination Paused"and"Back to Poverty".The rigorous problem is: the period emerging slow poverty reduction in 1990s, is the duration in China that the industrialization made great achievements. So, why does it occur that the rural resource can constantly flow into cities and industry sectors and that the"single flow"can last such a long time? This paper starts on this base.This paper focuses on the institution excursion of Chinese government poverty reduction strategy. Compared with the practice in developed countries, this paper studies the institutional root of rural"escape-back poverty"phenomenon.This paper holds that the implement of Family-based Contracted Responsibility System was a great landmark in poverty reduction strategy, for it aimed at resoling the land rights. But, from 1980s, the strategy transferred to the Development—Oriented Anti-poverty, which greatly lied on financial input. The 9 No. 1 CPC Documents on rural issues and the governmental poverty reduction plans made clear explanations. Meanwhile, the institution of Land Acquisition greatly exploited the peasant land rights, which made the rural resource flow to cities and the peasant can not share the benefit of industrialization. This is why poverty elimination achieved lower performance and the emergency of"Back to Poverty"phenomenon.Based on the study of rural poverty root, with the transformation of international poverty reduction strategy and the practice in developed countries, this paper points that the government should again take the land system reform as the main poverty elimination strategy. Within the present land system structure, the land use rights should be widened: (1) Ensure the use right as property right with the function of land occupation. (2) Ensure the right to benefits as function of social security, land being the dependence for peasant. (3) Ensure complete rights of disposition, land being peasant's own capital.This paper takes the western Property Theory as main method, synthetically adopts research methods of literature analysis, historical induction, case study and comparative analysis. Integrating all the materials from a rather new perspective, this paper gives strong persuasion.