Research On Original Innovation Of Science & Technology

Original innovation, as important scientific discovery and technological invention in basic research and application basic research, is the commanding point of science and technology competition of the world. This thesis analyses the impetus, social environment, internal process and the mechanism, subject and thinking of original innovation on the basis of theory and method of Philosophy of Science and Technology, Creativity Theory, Management Theory, Systems Science etc. The thesis includes the following six parts:First is the definition of original innovation. On the basis of research on present conceptions and definitions of original innovation, the thesis analyses the meaning and characteristics of original innovation, distinguishing the difference between the conceptions of Innovation, Creation, Discovery and Invention, indicating the relations between original innovation and technology innovation, knowledge innovation. The thesis redefines the conception of original innovation and indicates the great significance of original innovation.Second is the impetus of original innovtion. With the theory and method of Systems Science, the thesis viewes the activity of original innpvation as a organic body including innovation subject, environment, mechanism and thinking. The impetus of original innovation can be devided into internal impetus and external impetus. The internal impetus of original innovation includes internal scientific contradiction, the interaction between science and technology, scientific spirit, interdisciplinarity and the theoretical exploration of potential science. The main external impetus of which includes scientific reward system, social requirements, government's policy and the demonstration effect of science center.Third is the social environment of original innovation. Original innovation cannot exist without certain environments. Innovation and its environment influence each other. The thesis describes the social environment of original innovation from four aspects: material environment, system environment, culture environment and organization environment. Among them the organization environments, including the internal structure and encouragement system of scientific community, belong to internal environment of original innovation, while the other three environments, referring to macro social environment such as scientific equipments and inputs, scientific research managing system, innovative culture etc, belong to external environments of original innovation.Fourth is the internal process and mechanism of original innovation. The thesis describes the process of original innovation based on the knowledge spiral theory. From the view of knowledge manament, original innovation has four stages: incubation, illumination, verification and spreading. Each stage has its own influential factors. On analysing the characteristics and factors of fours stages, the evolving mechanism model of original innovation is formed.Fifth is the subject and thinking of original innovation. Original innovation is the result of using creative thinking by innovative subjects. The subject of original innovation, different from general innovation in scientific quality and personality, mainly refers to scientists or the group of scientists. The thinking of original innvation subjects has its own characteristics and structure. The thesis analyses the thinking stucture of subjects of original innovation with experimental research on thinking mode of academies of China.Sixth is the existing problem and relevant measures of China's original innovation of science and technology. The thesis concludes three aspects of original innovation problems of China: the continual vacancy of domestic awards of science and technology, the quality problem of scientific thesis, the reletively small quantity of invention patents. The main reasons for which are due to environment of basic research, traditional education mode, the existing problem of scientific manament system and some disadvantageous factors in China's traditional culture. Finally, the thesis proposes some measures to strengthen the capability of original innovation of China.