An Economic Analysis For The Rural Organizations In China

Among the numerous studies on rural department in developing countries, there are three approaches: development economics, new institutionism and the economics of rural organization. On the basis of these works, this dissertation should focus on China's concrete organizations and probe into Chinese peasant individual's and group's behavior characteristics, study the interactional relations between peasant individual and the rural organizations, and sum up the experiences and lessons in rural development. Adopting the methodes of combining documents study with investigations study, theoretical research with positive research, this dissertation mainly probes into the following questions: the theory of peasant's behavior and the factors influencing Chinese peasant's behavior, interactional relations between Chinese peasant's behavior and administrative village, interactional relations between Chinese peasant's behavior and the property rights of rural land, interactional relations between Chinese peasant's behavior and rural credit organizations, interactional relations between Chinese peasant's behavior and rural industrial organizations, interactional relations between Chinese peasant's behavior and rural guarantee organizations, main conclusion and policy inferences. Through studying the interactional relations between peasant's behavior and the product, live and consume organizations, this dissertation builds up a preliminary microeconomic system of a peasant's individual behavior. The main viewpoints in the dissertation are the following: Individual's behavior should be influenced by many kinds of factors, including the interior factors and the external factors, and be a result of the comprehensive function of them. In any human society, people act mostly to establish a certain interpersonal network of personal connections through a series of producing and living activities of materials and culture, in order to obtain the desirable steady living environment, but not merely chase the property. Under the present social economic system and specific local environment in China, people can get dominant status to public economic resources by seeking privilege. Under a given output, it is a zero-sum game between the cadres and the other villagers, and the beneficial distribution between cadres and the other villagers depends on the supervision level provided by villagers and the outside and the magnitude that the privileged owner can evade provision by using the resource in hand. Directly-electing system in rural China is a kind of the whole people's democracy system in essentiality, whose rule is "majority voting " and "over-half of ticket" principle. A series of rules of the electoral system restrict the voter's choice space, affecting the cost-revenue function of correlated voters and influencing the individual welfare. The present agricultural mode of production is a low-degree mechanized mode, the socialization of serve for agricultural production is seriously insufficient, and the huge agricultural labor and limited farmland restrains the revolution route of the agricultural production mode strictly. The text has given an analysis of the possible influence for the peasant's income improving by the rural taxes and expenses reform in the present agricultural mode of production. Under the terms of there positive transaction cost, the revenue in equilibrium, formed by both parties of land in the trade course, must compensate both own relevant transaction costs. Under the current constraint of public proprietorship system, individual and interest group has four fundamental modes to acquire the ultimate ownership of use right of the land: the mode to acquire the land in the name of house glebe, land or hilly land allotted for private use, the mode of the farmland's contract and subcontract, the mode of occupying in the name of corporation or public institution and the mode of occupying through political power. This dissertation points out that, these four modes will significantly change in the coming twenty or thirty years, and the use right of the land will converge to the individual and related institutions. The cost and income of the debit and credit sides include the currency, monetary material, non-monetary factor (such as, kindred, geographical reason degree, grateful, prestige degree, etc.). In the credit behavior model with the non-monetary income, the agent will, choose the optimum association of monetary earning ratio and non-monetary earning ratio in the range of terms of loan that individual can control. As to any specific industry, the relation among enterprises or the organizations can be reduced for individual and relation among individual finally, among them various kinds of relations are the same with the enterprises, including business relation, behavior relation, resource takeing-up relation and utilizing relation, which will be extended to the outside of the organization too and will get balanced between the inside and the outside of the individuals. People's demand consists of material product and spiritual product, of which some can be bought or exchanged and got through the currency, some only can stem from intercommunionand the self-service. The essence of guarantee organization is the place of the production and exchange of above-mentioned two kinds of life products in fact. At present, the basic rural guarantee organization is peasant household's family. Government should not escape and shift its due responsibility and obligation, and take force to set up a social guarantee organization which include all social members. In addition, after the analysis of every chapter, this dissertation still provides relevant policy inferences.