On Management System Reform Of China's Institution Unit

Since China's reform and open policy was put into practice, there is unprecedented change in political, economic and social domain. The area of economy was firstly reformed and has acquired exciting performance. In the political area, government institution reform is in process, of which institution unit reform is the most important. At the same time, the boundary of social area is expanding rapidly, especially at the end of 1990's. With the rising of "civil society", social parties were built up and developed quickly. From the view of goods provision, the function of institution unit and social party are consistent. Hence, as to the reform of institution unit, there are pressures from both the top (government) and the bottom (civil interest group).The emphasis of this article is on exploring the management mechanism of institution unit as a kind of organization. Organization is the carrier of behavior and management is made up of institutional arrangements. So this article studies on the reform tendency and mode, from the point of organizational form and its institutional arrangement. The article composes of introduction and six chapters as follows:Chapter one is an introduction. Firstly, we give our reasons that choice this title from four aspects. To make analysis convenience and clear, we define three coreconcepts——institution unit , non-profit organization (NPO) and managementmechanism of institution unit, of which, institution unit is a social service provision organization that engages in education, technology, culture and so on, that adopts management mode of public sector, NPO is an independence organization that has formal organization form to increase public interest, management mechanism of institution unit is a concept whose meaning is between institution unit and management system. In the end, logic framework, research methods and innovation points of the article are provided one by one.Chapter two is mainly a theory basis. We develop the research objemanagement mechanism of institution unit, and illuminate two preconditions and emphasis of this article. In our opinion, research on management mechanism reform should base on the partition of social organization and hold cautious to the reform direction. We should concretely study and compare institutional performance of each organization, then design management mechanism of institution unit corresponding with development rules of our country's social organizations. We abandon traditional two-form method that separated social organization into production sector and non-production sector. According to international method, we classify social organization into three parts: government organization, non-profit organization and private organization. Each organization bears each function. The function of government is to provide law, rule and institution in order to save social transaction cost, the function of private is to produce and provide private goods and the function of NPO is to produce and provide public goods. To further study, we interpret the classification from four theories: public goods provision, transaction cost, organization and people's demand.Chapter three is a theory on organizational institution, which elaborates on three organization forms and their institution performance. We conclude each organizational institution corresponds with its form, but at the same time each of them has efficiency loss and institution limitation. Then, we discuss the relation between government organization and NPO, the relation between NPO and private organization. The reason for further study is to emphasize that government organization and private organization has much influence to the development of NPO.If chapter two and chapter three are theory base-stones, chapter four to chapter seven concretely analyzes management mechanism of institution unit. Chapter four studies the organization innovation of institution unit. The most important to institution unit's transition is corresponding organization form with its practice, that is, to eliminate "exterior". At last, we attempt to compare governance mode of institution unit with NPO.Chapter five researches the reforms of institution unit and its managementmechanism from the view of institutional change, and draw institution equilibrium from institutional change theory, principal-agent theory and property theory. From institutional change theory we can draw a conclusion that present management mechanism of institution unit has much institution improvement. Form principal-agent theory we can say foreign countries also have management mode like our country's institution unit, we cannot deny institution unit's management mode of our country. From property theory we can say that institution supply of institution unit's management mode is absence. In this chapter we also hackle four main NPO modes: US mode, Western-Europe mode, Middle and Eastern Europe mode and Eastern Asia mode. The conclusion of this chapter not only validates the conclusion of chapter four, but also be a transition to the next chapter.Chapter six starts to research governance structure of institution unit. Because the institution units that transit to private organization are influenced by history, this article will not research them. We draw a conclusion that the governance structure of remained institution unit can be analogy with government organization and the governance structure of NPO is the important content that "imported" from other countries.Chapter seven will design corresponding management mechanism reform. After clearing up the rights and responsibilities of interest groups, we emphasize particularly on two reforms of institution unit's management mechanism: financial management mechanism and social security system. We think the former is the core to management mechanism of institution unit, and the latter is one of the most important constraints that will limit the reform to success. ?...