Studies On Developement Of Logistics In Chinese Agricultrural Products

In the last 20years after the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, there has been an earth-shaking change in rural economy. The output of agricultural products has doubled and redoubled. By the late of 1990s, agricultural products had entered the phase of relative surplus instead of being shortage. In the course of this development appeared the new tough problems on agricultural, rural areas and farmers, such as the bad selling of agricultural products, and the slow growth of rural incomes, etc. Solving problems facing agricultural, rural areas and farmers becomes a top priority we have to confront. Therefore, a magnificent target of building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects was set at the 16th National Party Congress. The difficult point is the rural problem and the focus is to increase rural incomes. At the 16th National Party Congress, an issue was pointed out clearly that the great tasks of building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects are to balance the economic and social development in both urban and rural areas, to build modern agriculture, to develop the rural economy and to increase rural incomes. The actual situation is that we are still relatively backward in agriculture and the farmers still live in poverty. Besides, the income gap between the urban and rural residents tends to be widen. Why is it difficult to increase rural incomes? Of course the reasons are in many ways. But the very important one of them is the fact that agriculture products cannot realize their value or be sold at the lower price due to the bad selling, which causes farmers not to increase their incomes, but also to suffer losses. Practices make it clear that to devote major efforts to developing logistics of agriculture products is the effective measure of solving the problem of the bad selling and the effective way of increasing rural incomes. This paper, which studies the logistics of agriculture products in our country, has three main purposes. The first is to make agriculture products realize their value and use value smoothly. The second is to make the agriculture products rise in value during the logistics processing. The third is to reduce the costs of production and circulation and thereby to improve the whole benefits of agriculture products. The logistics of agriculture products involves the running of efficiency and quality of the whole national economy, the modernization of agriculture and the fundamental interests of farmers. So the leading cadres at all levels must think highly of it. According to the current actual situation of our country, we are still very backward in logistics of agriculture products. It is expressed in 3 points in a prominent way. First the lack of logistics system of agriculture products causes the goods not be smoothly circulated. Second, the backward of logistics techniques of agriculture products leads to the big losses and high costs during the course of distribution and thus causes the weak ability of processing increment. Third, the low profit rate of logistics of agriculture products and the bad benefit lead to the international competitiveness. Comparatively speaking, the logistics of agriculture products develops slowly. In 2003, the gross of logistics value of the whole society increased by 27%, the gross logistics value of industry 26.8%,and the gross logistics value of agriculture products only 2.5%,which occupied a small proportion –3.81%in the gross logistics value of the whole society. From the international view, the logistics of agriculture products in the developed countries has accomplished the modernization. Therefore there exists a big gap between our country and other developed countries. In terms of logistics cost targets, that of developed countries occupied 10%of the whole, that of the grain in our country 40%; that of the fruits and vegetables 60%. In terms of the proportion of goods damaged, that of the developed countries is below 5%; that of grain in our country 15%; that of fruits and vegetables reaches from 25% to 30%. In terms of processing increment of agriculture targets, the agriculture products processing proportion is 80%, and the proportion increment is from 1:3 to 1:4. The processing proportion of our country is less 10%, and the proportion increment is about 1:0.8. The characters of logistics of agriculture products show that our national logistics of agriculture products is still at the stage of physical distribution ,and as the third resource of interests it has not fully developed in the field of agriculture products. The backward of logistics of agriculture products could be attribute to 3 factors: the profound historical reason, the current management system and the undeveloped techniques. This paper gives the main reasons why the logistics of agriculture is lagging behind: first, the main body of logistics of agriculture is powerless and lacks organization and its system leaves something to be desired; second, the logistics processing is unstandard, the level of its standardization is low so the disordered floating is serious.Besides, the logistics technical level is low and government supports and guides improperly. In order to realize the modernization of logistics of agriculture products, we should focus on the following three measures: First, integrate and optimize the logistics system. Second, develop and enlarge the organization of logistics of agriculture products. The last is to strengthen government's role of guidance, management and support in logistics system. Based on the differences between food logistics system and subsidiary agriculture products logistics system. This paper explores the optimization of the two systems respectively. With regards to the optimization of food logistics system, the key point is to optimize its processing, that is to say, we should energetically develop transportation in bulk and in container, while reduce the wrapped food transportation. As to subsidiary agriculture products, priority should be given to build a modernized logistics system framework, namely restructure and promote the traditional agriculture products wholesale market so as to raise the agriculture products entry proportion to the supermarket. To optimize the agriculture products logistics system, we should depend on the powerful organization and supportive policy from government. On one hand, we should deepen reforms in state-owned enterprises, food enterprises and groups to enlarge and strengthen enterprises, innovate peasant household economic organization and develop the model of "enterprise plus agriculture cooperative community plus peasant household "and organization of "enterprise plus association plus peasant household"to increase the farmers organizing ability to entry into the market. Based on these, we should energetically develop the 3PL( third-party logistics) organization of agriculture products, and the logistics union of agriculture products to realize the socialization and scale. On the other hand, we should bring government into play on logistics development. First, well regulate the agriculture products logistics, enforce the management in logistics, second, do well in service, build the logistics platform, set the logistics standard and cultivate the talents on logistics. Last , offer preferential policies and encourage the development of agriculture products logistics. The innovations of this paper mainly embody in the following 3aspects: first, it puts forward and elaborates the beneficial theory as the fundamental theory. Second, on the basis of analyzing present condition of national agriculture products logistics, it concludes that the agriculture products logistics is still at the stage of physical distribution. Third, onthe aspects of how to realize the modernization oh agriculture products logistics, it puts forward three decisive factors: system optimization, organization innovation, government support. In the point of organization innovation, it arises the important theory of building peasant owned economic organization. Based on this, it emphasize on strengthening and enlarging agriculture products logistics organization to increase its capacity of market competition. Besides, this paper also put forward the development aim of agriculture products logistics in china should: keeping up with developed countries, focusing on the sustainable development and energetically developing the green logistics of agriculture products logistics.