China's Rural Economic Support And Ageing Population Welfare System

This paper mainly studies the Chinese rural aging's three problems:the change of population structure brings new questions and demand, government on rural ageing welfare investment insufficient, the existing limitations and social policy system flaw. Main idea is:from the rural economic support for ageing population in China, research its rural ageing reply measures. Analysis the aging of the population pattern, causes and the influence factors of the rural areas in China, the research present situation and ageing population of agricultural economic effects, from welfare fair perspective demonstration appraisal in rural social policy, to table a reform proposal of social policy system based on existing international comparison and historical comparison.Part 1, research background, research theory value and practical significance, the technical difficulties, deficiencies and innovations.Section 2, concept definition and literature review. From the population structure change, family change, statistical error and policy aspects of preparation, make an overview study premise of this study discusses aging population, social welfare and social security, such as elderly welfare concept is defined and the discrimination, and reviews the early 20th century aged welfare economics and since the main theoretical results and practice mode. The documents, found that welfare economics, consumption theory, Keynes active government theory for western countries overcome defects of market economy, provides the theory support the maximization of social welfare is the ultimate goal of economic development. Bibliography section also carding domestic rural ageing research, found this area of research relatively scarce, few studies main conclusion is "with rural labor force big shift, some village of depressed appeared', and the current labor resources' trend weakened disposition ways, agricultural and rural development, also has restricted the income of farmers continue to improve."Part 3, research global population aging situation, our country rural ageing basic situation and the development tendency. First is studied, from a global perspective aging population situation, mainly based on the United Nations population research data on developed countries and developing countries in the total population and age composition of the differences. Second is, from birth level, life expectancy, such as population migration cause and effect factor analysis, it was found that Chinese population change and economic and social development and change the present "law" and "disjunction" phenomenon, aging problem unique and serious, especially in the rural areas. Third is to time dimension and urban and rural contrast as the key point, for the rural huge social welfare needs to provide basic demographic data. According to the national deal with strategic project aging population, the study found that the data provided the urban and rural population aging degree badly in China is typical of aging. Present countryside aged population scale is the urban 1.69 times, rural ageing degree is the urban 2.3 times, the ageing population than the countryside is raising city 2.8 times that of rural than in urban early aging speed 12 years, rural 2028 entered in severe aging period, every three farmers in the elderly, one for 20 years earlier than the city. The future, rural ageing will experience 2011-2020, the rapid development in 2021-2033, rocketing 2034-2060 continuous highs. The fourth, from the perspective of aging economic support found:family planning, and rural working age population transfer cause population distribution is broken, causing the lagging economic development, the social undertaking backward countryside and parts of the Midwest aging degree higher and more pressure, rural ageing population distribution and economic development is not harmonious, aging displays obviously regional imbalance and floating population deepened this imbalance. These problems displays in:rural elderly endowment rely mainly on the family members and self feed,80% of rural elderly annual revenue only enough food spending, about one-third of the rural elderly women without a spouse, nearly 4 into old widowed proportion, household size shrinking, solitary, disability and elderly size, empty nest elderly more than 40%, age of poor health, sixty into old cannot provide care and half the nearly 80%, no income, the older elderly nearly 80% rural areas increased suicides among elderly people.Part 4, rural ageing and agricultural production and national economic relations, rural population aging of labor input, labor productivity, family business organization ability, endowment extrusion effect, promote land circulation, the upgrading of the industrial structure, etc, the negative or positive role for rural endowment must be demonstrated why external subsidies. This section apply according to Thoreau growth model, and the function of Douglas branch cloth to build our country rural population aging affect relation model of agricultural production since 1978, quantitative measurement of agricultural output characteristic facts and analysis the influence degree of the relevant factors. Results show that:1978-2002 relative surplus agricultural labor force in rural China,2002 increased after the total population of agricultural output with labor transfer produced a significant negative effect, especially since 2003 to labor inputs of agricultural output are negative contribution and contribution rate, according to estimates by 2025,2011-rural ageing and labor transfer will allow agricultural labor input reduce annual about 1.54 percentage points, to the agricultural output growth down 0.77 percentage points, China's agricultural output will appear in 2026 years zero growth. On the basis of the quantitative analysis and estimates from agricultural economic support, aged welfare pension view of the farmers, the rural ageing population forecast economic density would increase from 2023 began, proved the rural old-age must be external subsidies, otherwise rural ageing population from economic support level around 2023 began to decline.Part 5 review of our country's rural social welfare safeguard history, combed the existing rural social welfare policies to social justice to the view from the public financial expenditure structure, regulating the gap and income distribution in policies such as the macroscopic level system for empirical research. According to the "China the second national agricultural census", "Chinese urban and rural ageing population one-time sampling survey", "the 2006 China urban and rural ageing population status tracking investigation" and seven provinces rural ageing survey report, from income level, income distribution, source of rural structural perspectives elderly family support, sustain and social endowment preliminary analysis has been carried out. The empirical research shows that in 2009 the per capita net income of farmers from 4.9% in income redistribution policy, its redistribution about 1.48%; adjust action Developed countries nowadays fiscal basically all belong to the so-called "welfare" financial expenditure structure has obvious "social spending heavy, economical expenditure characteristics of light", social welfare the proportion of financial expenditure average 30～50%. Although recently in China increased social security spending in 2009, but the proportion only 10%, which used to social welfare and pensions of welfare funds accounted for only 17% of all funds, seriously insufficient investment; China's public finance for rural fund proportion far below the urban and rural population proportion, for narrowing the income gap between urban and rural area; play a negative Existing social policy overlapping obvious lack of pratt &whitney and blank, policy effect. In addition, are expected to do that "a new type of rural social endowment insurance" pilot, there exist the national total fund balance rural capital climbed, continuously flow into the city, some scholars think actually formed for farmers, etc. Again deprive This section is still in micro level, "anatomy" in the village of anhui gold dam of rural villages examples, aging population and its deal with policy measures to verify it.Article 6 the partial command of the international comparison method summary analysis of several developed countries, developing countries and Hong Kong, Taiwan's old-age security policy system, analyzes the social insurance crisis us, Japan and China's social security "empty account" and gap of multi-level social welfare system, and the type of social welfare system expends pratt &whitney were introduced and reviewed. The west to practice may be divided into three kinds, namely:represented by America's free market economy conditions, the social insurance system in Germany and other western European continental countries as a representative of embodying social cooperation and mutual benefits with Nordic model of economic system, as a representative of the democratic socialism type social welfare system. International revelation, pay attention to social insurance financial function and ignore the welfare function of country suffers from the crisis, such as USA, Japan, Chile, Argentina, etc. By comparison, China's endowment insurance gold basic of paygo, fund actual failed to exert accumulation effect, the funds raised still cannot meet the demand of endowment insurance gold to pay retirees, the state organs, institutions personnel not into the whole of social endowment insurance plan as a whole limits, future gap and financial burden is huge. In addition, China's existing social insurance system doesn't have the welfare function, actually in the link of redistribution again on the urban and rural income gap intensifying. Future old-age security etc should eliminate the differences, and gradually transition to the "personal and family primarily+countries and collective welfare" in the new stage.Article 7 part of rural and urban areas proposed welfare system framework design. Analysis of constructing urban and rural social welfare system illustrates the necessity of social welfare system, the connotation, structure and the relationship between key, proposed the construction objectives, principles, main task and construction path of urban and rural social welfare, under the system of the old economic support system, the paper puts forward a hierarchical design for rural elderly welfare straight from rural old adults system, "new farming" policy Suggestions and calculate expend etc. Social welfare system essence is a series of social policy interaction, to define (system) of social resources and relations of production (position and the redistribution of power), and this kind of social policy and economic policy in the system, emphasize closely integrated with the positive role to promote the economic equality sharing. Social welfare system is a system arrangement, government spending and policy effect (redistribution effect and economic development effect) three interaction organic whole. Constructing urban and rural social welfare system is effectively deal with an important point of rural ageing population, is the Chinese characteristic socialism theory of meaning, is due to our country's existing social policy, but also the innovation of the socialist market economic system consummation. China's social welfare system based on different historical stages and national conditions, conform to social basic value orientation, in order to guarantee of living standards, as far as possible to improve the quality of life, promote the all-round development of man as the goal, to all the members of the society and the economic development level provide corresponding funds, physical objects and services to help, including pension, medical, education, employment, housing, minimum life guarantee, national minimum actual income should be universal covering such content, including the rural residents and rural migrants, all citizens.