Studies On The Economic Impacts Of New Crop Variety Protection System In China

Crop variety protection system is an effective protection policy for the breeding sector. This paper studied implementation situation of crop variety protection system and relevant policy in China, analyzed the new varieties of crop protection on the economy, On this basis, I propose to further regulate the seed market, deepen the reform of agricultural research and awareness of farmers on the protection system.In order to achieve the research objectives, I took the survey form, select the government research institutions and breeding enterprises surveyed, got the nature of their units, invest of scientific research, protection of crop species profiles, the variety R & D, marketing, applications for variety rights, transfer and etc. Based on these first-hand data, I analysis of the Chinese crop seed variety protection system on the market; on the breeding of the impact of scientific research institutions, scientific research, including research into financial input and research staff. In addition, with Guangdong, Zhejiang and Hunan provinces all planted area of more than 10 million mu of rice varieties (including protected species and unprotected species) data 1999-2008 to construct two econometric models, the first use of binary choice model The probit model institution for breeding behavior of variety protection, the second simultaneous equation model using quantitative analysis of the variety protection on the seed price and farmers use of new varieties. Finally, some suggestions was proposed from the crop protection system, seed market, breeding institutions and farmers awareness.This study mainly come to the following conclusions:(1) Since the implementation of the crop variety protection system, China's overall good condition:there are many varieties of crop varieties for the protection and empowerment, But compared with developed countries there are still a considerable gap, we need to further strengthen the construction of crop variety protection system; (2) The seed market developed rapidly in China, but it is not sufficient, the seed industry is entering a consolidation phase, the variety protection system produce a new variety rights transfer market, the overall market is constantly advancing. Because there are too many seed companies, while ruthless fierce competition between them, China's seed market management is not standardized. Coupled with the strong involvement of international species of giant seed companies, our companies especially small and medium seed companies are facing tremendous pressure, sets of cards, counterfeiting, and violations often occur. We urgently need to regulate seed market, guide and regulate the industry consolidation, further advance the process of marketization, increased penalties for illegal activities, careful treatment of foreign investment into the seed industry; (3)The input and output of breeding research changed a lot, the main source of R&D investment is the self-financing, the researchers with a higher level, highly educated. Based on these changes, we need to further deepen the breeding research system:Encourage social capital investment in breeding research and development, expand employment channels for breeding researchers, to play a crop variety protection on the role of research quality assessment benchmark. (4) The responsibility of government research institutions is not clear:First, the direction of their research is not clear, breeding organizations and government departments not to focus on basic research; Second, assume responsibility for public welfare is not enough. Therefore, we need to actively guide the breeding institution's behavior to promote the government departments to assume more responsibility for basic research and public service. (5) Variety protection system does not directly affect the farmers choose, but it improves seed prices in turn affects farmers choice, for this situation, we should enhance farmer awareness of the protected variety:to enhance the protection of varieties farmers species characteristics (yield, rice, grain quality, etc.) awareness, promotion of the process to increase the protection of varieties of species characteristic of advocacy, policy level, specifically crop variety protection system guide.