Reserch On The Patent Output Mechanism Of Universities In China

The study discusses the relevant issues of patent system of universities in China. For long, patent of universities in China shows a kind of phenomenon: large amount of patent applications, but low efficiency and implementation rate. What are the dynamic mechanism and influencing factors to the patent output of universities? Why are patent applications of universities in China so high, but low in efficiency and implementation rate? From the perspective of patent system of universities in China, the study has theoretical value and practical meaning.The research work is divided into two steps:First, the theoretical study and general model building. Two main tasks will be completed: sort out the relevant patent literatures, summarize the achievements and existing defects; theoretical analysis on patent value, the value pursuit of universities and teachers, and construct a general model of patent output mechanism of universities.Secondly, model verification and empirical analysis. Model verification on patent output mechanisms of universities between China and America under different social environments; and empirical analysis on relevant patent data of universities in China based on the conclusions of the above, with proposed countermeasures.The main conclusions of this study and innovations are:(1)A general model of patent output dynamic mechanism of universities is constructed, considering the internal dynamics elements of patent output of universities(the value pursuit of universities and their teachers) and external dynamic factors of universities(value demands of patent from government and business), and the effect of historical and cultural traditions and economic regimes. First, the value of the patent is defined as "instrumental value" (produced by the patent right) and " objective value" (produced by the patent marketing application) creatively, that the patent's "objective value" is the core value of the patent and the basic purpose of patent pursuit is pointed out; and then, from the reasons of emergence and existence of universities and the three main functions of universities, it's proposed that the core value pursuit of universities is creation and dissemination of knowledge with social service as the derived value pursuit; from the perspective of members of academic community, it's proposed that the core value pursuit of university teachers is the influence of academic status with the pursuit of wealth as the derived value. Second, it points out that the value pursuit of universities and teachers constitute the internal dynamic elements of the patent output of universities, the urge of patent output only happens when the patent is consistent with the value pursuit of universities and teachers. Therefore, through the whole dynamic mechanism, the internal driving force of universities and teachers plays a central and pivotal role; the external dynamic factors change into the internal driving force of universities and teachers primarily through the means of guiding, arousing and driving the internal dynamic factors to achieve its dynamic efficiency; at the same time, historical and cultural traditions and economic system will directly affect the value orientation of each subject in communities and pervasively influence the patent output of universities. Theoretically, patent activities in universities is not the main practice, so patent number should be less in universities, but the ultimate goal of patent activities in universities should obtain the excess economic gains through the implementation of the patent.(2) Comparative analysis on the patent output mechanism of universities under the different social environments. Study found that the U.S. patent output meet the general model under the U.S. patent policy and environment: because of the influence of core value pursuit of universities and teachers, the patent number of universities in United States is relatively small; the sole purpose of patent activities in United States is to obtain the patent's "objective value", the market gains of the patent is higher. However, under the combined effects of the patent policy and environment in China, the patent output of universities in China deviates from the general model: the patent's "instrumental value" was over-amplified, the purpose of patent activities in China is to get the patent's "instrumental value", so the patent number in China is large but there exists many "bubble" and patent's market gains are small.(3) Empirically analyzing the patent output of universities in China, focusing on the patent quality (rate of efficiency and implementation), from the perspective of static efficiency, the five-year efficiency and dynamic efficiency, it's found that the efficiency rate and maintain life of university patent in China is lower; compared to the patent of universities in America, the rate of patent implementation in China is lower and so is gains of the patent implement.