Research On The Influence Of Industrial Cluster's Characteristic Elements On Technological Innovation

The formation and development of industrial cluster bring about enterprise boundary elastic expansion and corporate behavior diversification. Innovation behavior of each subject in industrial cluster is no longer isolated, but is subject to the influence of cluster structure and other subject. Most scholars believe that industrial cluster can increase the innovation capacity of industry or enterprises and can improve the innovation performance, but it is not a simple relationship between industrial clusters and innovation, there is dialectical relationship between industrial clusters and technological innovation. On the one hand, industry cluster will generate incentive effects to technological innovation, even became a effective carrier for technological innovation, On the other hand, industrial clusters would also produce block effects to technological innovation.In view of this,the positive and negative influence of industrial cluster on technological innovation is studied in this thesis. As a complex system,industrial cluster is divided into a number of elements. Some problems are analysised in this thesis,which include what and how make positive and negative influence of these elements on technological innovation,and the evolution of positive and negative influence,and how to control the negative effect.Overall,this thesis mainly studies the following few questions:Firstly,through case studies and logical analysis,the model of positive and negative effects of industrial cluster on technological innovation is proposed in this thesis. In this model, industial cluster is divided into four elements that"internal competition","knowledge spillover","embedment"and"specialized division of labor". The following hypothesis is given, that is when competition, knowledge spillover, embedment and specialized division of labor is moderate, these elements can accelerate technological innovation, when these elements are overmuch, they can baffle technological innovation.Secondly, In response to this hypothesis, the thesis first analyzes the mechanism, which how do the four factors of the cluster environment generate positive and negative effects to technological innovation, Game theory is used in this section, and obtain the following conclusions: Number one, an appropriate degree internal competition is conducive to clustering-innovation, because competition can act as a virtual agent. but the excessive competition make the enterprise reduced the innovation investment,because excessive competition reduced the profit margins of the cluster members. Number two , when the speed of knowledge spillover is moderate,"knowledge spillover"can improve the level of industrial cluster R&D,but,when the speed of knowledge spillover is extremely fast ,especially there is less cooperation and more competition,"knowledge spillover"will hinder cluster innovation , because it will led to the "prisoner's dilemma" of investments in innovation. Nomber three, moderate embedded nature lowering the cost of cooperation and increasing the speed of learning from each other, and then is conducive to innovation clusters, however, over-embeddings lead to innovative lazy and Innovation lock, Nomber four, an appropriate degree of specialization that will bring into play each company's strengths within the cluster, Further improve the overall innovation performance of cluster, however, Over-specialization will lead to a deeper level of Asset Specificity, due to firms in cluster fear of being "stuck" or even be "ripped off" , the firms reluctant to increase the professional R&D assets, the result is inadequate investment in technological innovation.Thirdly, in order to make analysis more persuasive, the thesis confirmed the hypothesis by an empirical data from questionnaire, in the empirical analysis obtain- ed the following conclusions. Nomber one, internal competition of the cluster has both positive and negative effects on innovation. Nomber two, Tacit knowledge spillover has both positive and negative effects on innovation, but, explicit knowledge spillover has no negative effects. Nomber three, system embedding and social embedding has both positive and negative effects on cluster innovation, but there is no negative effect for economic Embed. Nomber four, specialization of the cluster has not obvious negative effect on innovation.Fourthly, in order to examine these three elements that internal competition,knowledge spillover and embedment how to dynamically effects of the process of technological innovation. Three system dynamics model were established in this thesis, which include the model of"Internal competition - Technical Innovation","Knowledge Spillover - Technical Innovation"and"embeddability - Technical Innovation", these models simulate the evolution of positive and negative effects, related control measures are given in this thesis.Fifthly, the micro, meso, and macro governance-thinking that how to control the negative effects have been given. specifically, implementation of modular production methods and the modular organization of the firms in cluster have been recommended at the micro level,At the meso level ,cluster management pattern that named"virtual club"are recommended in industrial cluster, At the macro level, the advice joining the global value chain to make the cluster system become open be recommend,because these can overcome the over-embedding of the cluster。Innovative work of this thesis have the following main points:Firstly, the model that the positive and negative effects of industrial clusters on technology innovation was first proposed , in the model , industial cluster is divided into four elements that"internal competition","knowledge spillover","embedment"and"specialized division of labor".Secondly, game theory is used to analysis industrial cluster how to create positive and negative effects on technological innovation.Thirdly, In ordet to confirm the hypothesis that"Inverted U-Relationship"between four elements of the cluster and cluster innovation, empirical analysis based on the questionnaire has been adopted.Fourthly, Three system dynamics model were established in this thesis, which include the model of"Internal competition - Technical Innovation","Knowledge Spillover - Technical Innovation"and"embeddability - Technical Innovation".