From Industrial Society To Ecological Society: The Study Of Industrial Structure Evolution

From the perspective of productivity development, human society has experienced a primitive society, agricultural society, industrial society in its history. In this developing process, mankind has experienced the following stages: the fear of nature, the dependence of nature, the use of nature, the conquer and transform of nature. At the same time, especially since human society entered the industrial society, humankind has constantly slaved and destroyed nature, from the perspective of the development in western countries, of course, humans has already paid heavy price. Environmental degradation, environmental pollution, natural disasters, shortage of natural resources, low rate of recycling, energy depletion and so on. These social problems have caused enormous economic losses, affecting the social stability and environmental security. These problems also raise the great concern from theoretical circles and government. Since the 60s in the 20th century , western scholars have begun to pay attention to the rapid economic development, but also concerned about the increasingly serious ecological problems. From the 60s in last century, a lot of theoretical results about ecology, economy and sociology have born. After experiencing the painful price of industrial civilization, western society begins to concern the path of harmonious development from ecological and social perspective. Currently many Nordic countries, such as Denmark, Sweden and other countries have begun showing a prototype of the ecological society. However, the environmental problems which emerged in western countries in different phases during the last century, have emerged in our country during the last three decades. We can't follow the old path of western countries'development, we should choose our own pattern of development. In this transformation, in addition to the internal driving force of society itself, the government should play the role of booster. Ecological Society is an interdisciplinary concept, which involves the cross of ecology and sociology. We need to study the industrial structure under the guidance of the ecological society. We also need further integrate the cross of ecology, sociology and economy. At present, the cross-disciplinary in this area has provided us facility in research for this article, such as eco-sociology studies the social roles from ecological perspective, but lack of consideration of economic factors; ecological economy attempts to combine ecology with economy, but ignore the social factors, which also studies economy from the macro level; emerging industrial ecology applies ecology to industry from more micro and specific aspects, but lack of overall economic and social factors. Based on the theory of the evolution of social structure and industrial structure, industrial ecology theory and other related disciplines , this paper will answer what is ecological society from the perspective of ecology, economy and sociology. I believe that the ecological society which is based on economic theory, guided by ecological principles, based on sociological theory, used human economic activities as center. The ecological society theory uses the systems analysis to study the ecological, economic and social integration, aimed at the changing production and consumption patterns, efficient and reasonable use of all renewable resources, from carbon-based economy into a hydrogen-based economy, (or from non-renewable resources economy to mainly renewable resource economy) to achieve ecological, social and economic benefits, this ideal state of society is the ecological society. It not only includes natural ecology, but also includes social ecology.Natural ecology has been discussed a lot in circular economy, social ecology implicates zero population growth, zero economic growth, social stability, social welfare and social security system, health care, education, livelihood, sports and other social harmonious development from all levels. Ecological Society has the following three characteristics: ecological society is the harmonious development between man and nature; ecological society is harmonious development between man and society; ecological society is the harmonious development between man and culture. The evolution of industrial structure is the rationalization of industrial structure and high-class process. The industrial structure of ecological society pays more attention to develop ecological industries under the guidance of ecological society. The industrial structure of eco-society should be a way to change production and consumption, efficient and rational use of all renewable resources, it also should be a benefit for man and nature and society overall development of the industrial structure, and ultimately promote economic, social and ecological benefits. The eco-industry will be the leading industry in the industrial structure of eco-society in the future. The operating model of industrial structure in ecological society will be summarized as three major aspects: ecological agriculture, ecological industry, environmental industry. The environmental industry includes restore industry, service industry, general manufacturing industry. The structure reflects the macro-economic structure.This paper further discusses the necessity from industrial society to ecological society. The transition from industrial society to ecological society is common appeal from theoretical to practical area, ecological society is an international trend in addition, it is also our government's main option. Western industrial civilization growth model is characterized as "high input, high consumption, high emission", which brought huge benefits to the economy while on the other hand, caused great destruction of resources to environment and human life, brought shortage of resources , environmental degradation and ecological imbalance. Since the 60s in 20th century, the U.S. marine biologist Lai Qieer ? Carson's "Silent Spring", reveals the modern industrial impact on the natural ecology, and tries to find the new way of the ecological and economic development .Since then,western theorists began continuous study on the theory of ecological and economic development. These year our government also attaches great importance to China's ecological environment protection, ecological and social development. Our government has prosposed"sustainable development ","building a socialist harmonious society ","resource-saving and environment-friendly society","ecological civilization", "low-carbon economy " and other concepts, which have shown that our government's subjective will on the ecological society. Because of external effects due to environmental problems, China's traditional industrial structure theory has its inherent ecological missing in theory which calls for the arrival of a new industrial structure. The evolution of industrial structure is affected by ecological constraints in practice, which also appeals a new industry structure. This eco-industrial structure of society should be born.The core of this paper is to answer what is the industrial structure of ecological society and how to build it. Based on the empirical analysis of current situation of China's industrial structure, we find the existing industrial structure in China has many problems. The constraints of the resource and environment in evolution, low quality, high-tech, clean energy industry status is not prominent; the imbalances between China's industrial structure and employment structure and other major issues. There are still many problems in China's industrial structure, such as the main means of industrial restructuring by the government, the market is limited. The development of China's industrial structure also has some institutional barriers, such as inadequate laws and regulations in China, without supporting regulations, policies, lack of an effective system of incentives. These factors will restrict the development of industry and industrial structure optimization and upgrading. In these issues, the most prominent issue is the resources and environmental constraints of industrial development. To build the industrial structure of eco-society, we must establish ecological agriculture, ecological industry, environmental protection industry structure as the content of the three industries, and the core of this structure is ecological industry, that is, to achieve industrial ecology. The paper first discusses how to build ecological agriculture, ecological industry and environmental protection industry, then builds the model of ecological industry, analyzes how to achieve industrial ecology. Finally, This paper gives policies and proposals for the evolution of eco-industry from the perspective of government function. 1.Formulate the industrial policies to limit the high energy consumption, high pollution, waste of resources-based industries, promote the construction of green GDP. 2.Make the sound fiscal and tax policies, subsidies low-carbon industries, establish ecological tax system. 3. Increase energy conservation and environmental protection, administrative law enforcement, strict business with supervision of serious waste of resources and serious environmental pollution. 4.Increase scientific and technological investment, encourage research and development of new energy saving products, develop low-carbon new strategic industries.