Theory And Application Study Of Fixed-point Ice Thickness Measurement Based On Capacitive Sensing Technology

Ice thickness and its change process is one of the basic factors for the study of ice generation and disappearance, ice jam and ice jam flood. Sea ice thickness is the most basic and important parameter to describe the state of the sea ice. In the South pole and North pole, sea ice thickness change has been an index of global climate change for many years. Ice thickness is considered to be the most difficult physical indicator of sea ice and fresh water ice to monitor for all the times. It is also a difficult problem to realize real-time automatic monitor of fixed-point ice thickness continuously.Summarized current practical advantages and disadvantages of ice thickness detecting method, This paper put forward a new detecting method of fixed-point ice thickness and water level under ice based on capacitive sensing technology. It is discussed that The basic principle of capacitive sensing technology and the use of this principle to realize automatic monitor of fixed-point ice thickness continuously in this paper.According to a large number of domestic and foreign literature, recently, capacitance and electric field of the uniplanar capacitance sensor with multi-electrode are not completely mathematical derived by Researchers in our country and abroad. The author use Finite element method to simulate electric field of uniplanar capacitance sensor with multi-electrode, clearly revealed the Mechanism using capacitive sensing technology to measure Ice thickness. The Dielectric value of Air, ice, water, are different, Based on this feature, the author has put forward a detecting method that based on capacitive sensing technology, by measuring the capacitance of different layers of air ice and water under ice, can differentiate the interface of ice and water under ice automatically, established a new theoretical basis for detecting ice thickness and water under ice water. In order to achieve the purpose of Stratified detection, the author design a special structure for capacitive inducing ice thickness sensor,laid the foundation for application of this technology. Taking new capacitive induction and ice thickness sensor as core, the author combined single chip microcomputer, digital electronic information processing technology and GSM short message data transmission technology in mobile communication technology to design and successfully develop capacitive induction and ice thickness fixed automatic wireless real-time monitoring system. The Successfully developed capacitive induction and ice thickness sensor has been applied in Inner Mongolia ,and I have got a lot of experimental data. Then we detaily analysed experimental data. Combining the results of theoretic analysis, we designed the algorithm including sub-average method and Singular Franco-Prussian and programming by matlab to determine ice thickness, which improves the accuracy of ice thickness and reduce the error.The research result of this paper can be applied to monitor the ice and melting process in long distance water diversion project's water channels, rivers, reservoirs, lakes, and the ice changes in the polar sea ice, glacier surface, permafrost, the north inshore coast ice in a fixed, continuous automatic way. It provides a new detection theory and technological measure for northern winter hydrological forecasting, disaster forecasting river ice slush, safe operation of hydropower facilities, geo-environment monitoring, safe operation of winter roads, aviation, harbor, reservoir water testing in winter, polar expedition and so on. The proposed of this new detection method has important theoretical and practical value for the research in these areas which are hydrological forecasting, disaster prevention and mitigation, maritime navigation in winter, polar expedition etc.