| Power Line Communications (PLC) technology can carry data, phone, and video services using the widespread power grid which is carry for power. PLC has the characteristics of easy setting, low investment and needn't the indoor wiring. Hence, the PLC technology has the unique advantages.At the same time, with the development of the broadband power line communication (BPLC) access network, LAN and large scale monitoring and control network based on PLC, more and more reliability requirements, especially the connectivity of the network arises. The reliable data link is the key of the reliability problem in variable PLC channel. Previous documents and research achievements focus much on the reliability of two link nodes. Researchers pay attentions to the channel characteristics, channel noise, signal attenuation, source encoding, channel encoding and signal modulate/ demodulate, and focus very little on the reliability of the total PLC network. Therefore, the theory and maetod for enhancing the reliability based on the connectivity and validity of PLC networks are researched in this dissertation.The input impedance, channel noise, echo characteristics and the channel model are analyzed based on the previous documents and research achievements. The dynamical channel characteristic of PLC is also concluded. The physical topology and the logical topology of PLC networks are presented based on the typical low-voltage distributions. The routing model and routing optimization objective functions are designed. On the basis of this, the routing strategies and requirements are also presented.A cluster-based routing algorithm and reconstruction method of power line communication over low-voltage distribution are put forward in this dissertation bases on the idea of clustering in AdHoc network. The initialization of cluster-based routing algorithm and the realization of the reconstruction algorithm are discussed thoroughly. The assignation of time sequence is also analyzed. The feasibility of the cluster-based routing algorithm and reconstruction method is validated by the simulation test. Because of the cluster-based routing algorithm is an irreciprocal routing methoad, hence, the routing is one and only. Although this routing algorithm has the merits of small compute and easy realization, but it lacks the function of networks optimize.Considering the requirement of the PLC routing optimization, the basic issues such as feasibility, speedness and robust of the ant colony routing algorithm for power line communications are analyzed thoroughly in this dissertation. ACS is a proper algorithm for the PLC routing applications by comparing the simulation results.In order to solve the connectivity (include the invulnerability and survivability) of the PLC networks, a routing optimaztion method of"minimum hop"based on ant colony algorithm is presented. This algorithm can enlarge the communication randges of the PLC networks and realize the reliable link between arbitrary two nodes. The simulation results prove the validity of the algorithm. Considering the validity of the PLC networks farther, the characteristics of the PLC channel, the service types of the PLC networks, the error rate and the delay between nodes farther, a Multi-Objective Routing Algorithm Based on Ant-Colony Optimization (MRACO) is presented. The simulation test also proves the validity of the algorithm.Example of the dynamical ant colony routing algorithm of low-voltage power line communications is designed for the continuous engineering applications. The different tasks of the gateway and common nodes are plot out in the realization process of the algorithm. The steps of the algorithm are also presented. At the same time, the design method of the program frame is put forward for the center node and common nodes. The layer division and layer design of the dynamical networks are presented based on the PLC. The works in this dissertation will provide reference for the engineering application.
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