On Proceduralization

Procedure, an important diachronic category, commonly exists in the fields of society, politics, economy, culture and mankind life; its method and spirit is the ecumenical method and main spirit of neoteric society; proceduralization is one of the basic characteristics of the modernization. The different understanding of procedure, procedural methods, proceduralization, procedural character and procedural spirit, lead the formation of different procedure viewpoint. Under the guide of Idealtypus methods, a more systematic, comprehensive and profound concept of the procedure formed through abstracting, refining, collating, summarizing and concluding from the different procedure concept, which has far-reaching significance to the holding of modern civilization and future development.In order to complete one task, in advance we need to set down a clear, rational, orderly, guiding plan and arrangement, and this series of practical action steps to carry out according to the plan are called procedure. It's far more different with the formal and more stringent stated formality. Procedure is a substantive, adaptive and flexible mechanism, the so-called guiding procedure. Different with the process of describing things development, the implementation of guiding procedure, with the external manifestations of a special tenor and step, is the so-called step procedure. Unlike the regulation of Epistemology, the rationality of procedure is not the postmortem conclusion, but the arrangement in advance which is holistic with rational thinking, a practical method too. From the perspective of Methodology, the guiding procedure is a reflexive procedural method; its function is to make the low procedural become higher.Procedures and procedural methods had existed since ancient times, but ancient China paid more attention to the stated formality. However, in ancient Greece Time, ancient Rome Time and the western in the Middle Ages, they were just a certain order-advocating form. With the first science revolution, the appearance of English word in 1611,"procedure"indicated that the procedure ideals started to be conscious. Upholding the science spirit and legal traditions, procedural methods, during the process of modernization, the process of Charisma translating rationally controlled social behavior, the process of earthly dominated logos sliding from Protestant Ethic to scientific logos, the process of human cultural striding from neoteric to modern times, became mature. Its analytics, order, formativeness, clarity, artificiality and other science properties became more and more obvious.Accordingly, the procedure started to possess expressibility, independence, neutrality, standardization, consistency, constitutive property, openness, right degeneration, humanism and other external features, most of whom belong to the scope of impartiality, and, to some extent, can be argued with above five. Since the end of 1870s, the Second Science and Techonology Revolution pushed the modernization to a climax. At the same time, a"procedure"view and procedural view, which emphasized the procedure possess standard value, emerged from the normal procedure view, that is the so-called procedural view and proceduralization concept. The proceduralization is the modern practice of procedural method in modern society. In the enterprise management and management ideas, procedural methods are very active, but refined little. In political and legal publicly administration, proceduralization is theoretically abstracted to be proceduralism and neo- proceduralism. The former one took the procedures to be the legality of contract, while the latter one emphasized the mutual verification between procedure and contract. The relevant study in Science Philosophy recognized the basic attributes of the proceduralization epistemology and methodology, recognized that the mutual verification between operational procedure scientific rules could provide reasonable basis for procedural management, and provide philosophy verification for the neo-proceduralism.The active role of proceduralization on modern society, reflected vividly in the scientific management, the joint of scientific activities and management. Taylor's proceduralization method of Scientific Management and system integration had a important impact on the management practices and management theory, and the process of modernization in 20th century. The scientific management revealed the dialectical relationship between science and proceduralization method: the laws of science, coming from production and management practices that possess certain procedure base, procedurally regulate scientific operational procedures, build system management procedures, enhance production efficiency and management standards, and guide the practice. In contemporary management knowledge and learning theory, metaphor, analogy and other methods emerged, but the procedural spirit(specifically expressed the request for course system) and the basic form of proceduralization which is called formalization,structured and coded have not been denied.Scientific management practically manifested that proceduralization has been involved in the formation process of scientific laws; procedures and regulations are integrity. It was pointedly and theoretically put forward by Bridgman in his operationism. Responding to the impact of relativity and quantum theory on the concept of classical physics, the thermodynamic expert Bridgman, who researched technology advanced theory, proposed"the operational character of concepts" (concept is synonymous with the corresponding operation. The appropriate definition of a concept did not originate from its property but from the actual operation.) and " operating significance of meaning " (the meaning of the concept depends on the corresponding operation; the feasibility of operation is the determining criteria for the significance of concept). Thus, the operation has the realism attribute. As the basic method of scientific operation, proceduralization became the best approach to get clear and effective knowledge. Operationism expressed the procedural demands of the scientific activities, and ignorantly contained the philosophy orientation, proceduralization is science.After the appropriation of Logical Positivism, under the pursuit of physical science and reunification, the new behaviorism in psychology dogmatically took"operating standards of meaning"as the "scientific operating standards", and on this basis operationism appeared. Thus, the proceduralization methods developed from the study found to self-reflexivity, and for a time to the self-direction creation. Proceduralization became the scientific demarcation standard unfairly. Skinner and Simon, the operationism scientists tried to control the society with culture design and design science, and this provided philosophy basis for the formal proceduralism, represented the flowage of scientism and operationism, is the extreme expansion of formalized proceduralization. It's rationality but limitation.Bridgman pointed out that the logic, verbal, physical and physiological reasons reflected on the limitation of operation. However, Simon got going from a rational perspective, defended the Convergent Value of limited procedure by satisfaction decision-making. Procedure can be understood as a kind of rationality and also a type of rational bebavior. Being a kind of rationality, it is limited procedural rationality which is to comprehend rationality as a self-trace of procedural method which taken on practice, and appeal rationality to bear procedural character; and being a type of rational behavior, it represents the proceduralization method of modern society. To a large extent, the limitation of rationality is the limitation of procedure and proceduralization; the satisfied decision-making and its result are the convergent value of proceduralization (Procedure's controllable operation will be a convergence of a certain specific result which scope can be approximately expected, it is a relative value on the basis of self-limitation consciously). This view has edified us, in the limited world, as long as we respect the procedure attitude and exercise proceduralization method according to the procedural rationality, it will maximize their value of efficiency, justness and open.Originally, Rationality, proceduralization and efficiency are integrated. Efficiency and localization can demonstrate the reasonable, rationality and limitation of the procedural rationality, science knowledge and disciplinarian, and the legitimitaion of proceduralization behavior. Process rationality involves and exceeds the formal and essential rationality. In the visual threshold of rationality, science procedure, system procedure and legislation procedure are accordant. Kuhn's incommensurability paradigm perspective inspired a viewpoint which made the procedure from contemporary philosophy of science and science theory had the mutual complementarities, expressed the view of proceduralization and science disciplinarian demonstrated mutually, and provided relative systemic epistemology base for the neo-proceduralism's procedure and indenture. Procedural rationality can not prove its rationality itself, and proceduralization behavior can not prove its legitimition itself. But they can prove the other side one another. The method of proceduralization made the information, knowledge and authority in public, minimized the people's asymmetry, inequality in this area, and made the efficiency and fairness measure more open to accept public supervision and evaluation. Accordingly, the situation and multivariate procedures formed effective constraints and furthered to enhance efficiency and improve social impartiality. In this significance, proceduralization's public value is the basis of efficiency and impartiality. The value of proceduralization which is open,equity,and transparent is the modern world of globalization, especially in the contemporary China.The method of proceduralization which has made outstanding contribution to human civilization and modernization is a great theoretical and practical significance for China which is exploring new model of modernization to suit its national condition. During the two modernization climax in later Qing dynasty and policies of reform and opening to the outside world, there are two proceduralization climaxes in china correspondingly, and had made a grate achievements and established the basis of further proceduralization. Although the reasons of lacking procedural spirit made the various issues corrupt China's modernization. However, the necessity of China's Procedural building had established from suspected of criticism and the possibility of China's Procedural building had discovered from analyzing the difficulties and obstacles. Presently, we should make a clear to the basic principle of the interaction between publicity controlled rigid forms and reasonable contingency, and the procedure interaction between the top-down and bottom-up procedures, stand a strategic height to promote Chinese proceduralization construction.