| The term "ontology", derived from philosophy. Aristotle defined "ontology" as science about "being" in the world. Since 1990s, ontology has been introduced in AI, Knowledge Engineering and Library &Information sciences. And then the definition of ontology has been changed. Ontology study includes the research on knowledge representation and knowledge organization in the domains mentioned above. Although ontology has been widely discussed and used in AI and knowledge presentation, the study about ontology application for Library &Information sciences and Digital Library is only about the concept and its basic theory, and there is little practices on ontology methodology, description languages, building tools and so on.The paper introduces RDF, RDFS, OIL, DAML+OIL and OWL, especially the syntax of the OWL. The paper briefly introduces each ontology language and gives an analysis and comparison of these languages, points out their characteristics with respect to some key aspects.The paper makes a comparative study on the methods of building ontology, presents their limitations, and puts forward a methodology of prototype based on spiral model.The paper surveys and compares 10 familiar ontology-building tools by the aid of an evaluation framework, and draws a conclusion that Protege is better than the others. But we find it has some disadvantages in the practice for building the GGHZO, so some ideas on the design of our own tools are presented.The paper studies the relevant problems in the process of ontology acquisition, including transforming thesauri into ontology and some representative ontology learning systems. The architecture and assessment standards for ontology learning systems are presented. The method of ontology acquisition based on WordNet is presented after WordNet is introduced.A classification of methods and tools for the evaluation of ontology is provided.The paper presents in detail how to building GGHZO in the aid of methodology of prototype based on spiral model and Protege, gives some reference to building ontology in the similar domain.The paper presented the functions of ontology for digital library. As a concept proof system, semantic retrieval system based on GGHZO is designed and implemented. The system is based on J2EE architecture and provides an application pattern for ontology driven retrieval in digital library. Compared with traditional key words matching and thesaurus information retrieval system, the system can find the internal relationship.The paper is one of the achievements of the project "Information Retrieval Model for Digital Library Based on Ontology" supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (70373047).
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