| During this research, a large number of science and technology literature are being inspected, a systematic analysis of the status and mature degree of domestic and international big diameter' s the measure technology are being made, (inner diameter and outer diameter) what's more, categorize and analyze 30 kind of domestic and international measure method, give what we want to resolve in this research."Marking method" is one kind of big diameter measure technology, being brought up by our team and having been authored the national patent. We kept on doing research on this method and have accept great progress. The working of this paper is on the basis of prevenient work. According to "marking method" principle, we research on the pivotal technology of intellectualize, light machine and electricity integration and super bigger inner diameter and outer diameter can be measure online, design the big diameter measure instrument model machine. After tested, this instrument's precision is IT6 level (national standard).On the basis of request to untouch measure online, this paper put forward the method of "datum dimension precision back", and then the mathematics model is being established. In order to calculate easily and don't influence the Single-chip microcomputer's calculate velocity, we put forward two scheme to deal with the numerical value, one is to use a simple function to close or approach a normal function f (x) (mainly is Lagrange's intepolation, Newton's intepolation , Hermite's intepolation, cubic spline interpolation, etc.) the other one is function approach(mainly is Chebyshev's polynomic.Legendre's polynomic, Laguerre's polynomic, method of least squares, etc. ),we analyze and compare the Lagrange's intepolation and Chebyshev ploynomic, at last, we select the Chebyshev polynomic to do the value calculating on Single-Chip Microcomputer. Being tested by practice, this multinomial is the nicety, efficiency and rapid approach calculated way to "marking method" big diameter measure.According to the theory of "marking method", we analyze completely the random error and system error, find the factors that influence the measure precision, put forward the measure to rainish error, at the same time calculate and compound the error. Analyze item by item the position of unintact cycle, the running clearance of unintact cycle, locking-deform, datum dimension regulating, repeatly install, power voltage wave and marking running etc. at the same time, we give the calculating formula to calculating the running marking random error, and use it to calculate the system error of big diameter measureinstrument--datum dimension frame error, gyro-wheel diameter error,error caused by circumstance temperature, error caused by backing distance, angle error, delay error of data collecting circuit, lathe main shaft running error, workpiece install partial error. At last, composed the error.In this research, error distribution and size is being used to design this measure instrument. First, we put forward design principle, especially the principle that big inner diameter and outer diameter can be measured on line, then determine the main parameter according to error calculate, and design the main mechanism of the measure instrument according to the reason of random error and system error raised. The main mechanism include signal measure and select mechanism, backing mechanism, regulating and locking mechanism, install mechanism, and so on. All these is to make all kinds of error of the instrument minimize and the measure range maxmize(can be 024000mm). At last, design electricity control system, including hardware and software, to make the error minimize, make the measure on-line come true.Especially, the idea of "datum dimension precision back" is being put forward, and this idea is being realized by backing composition composed by outer-diameter micrometer, airproofshafting, microwatch.at the same time, use "non-lock" to replace "lock", this way make the system compact, eliminate many bigger error an...
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