| Computer is a very powerful tool for human beings to explore the world. With the fast development of science and technology, more and more information processing abilities of computer are required. Many new computer architectures have been developed to archive the higher, faster and more powerful target. The quantum computer has much more computing power than classic computer. It is a new direction for the future computer.There are three major fields in quantum computing research. They are quantum computing theory, quantum computing application and the implementation of quantum computer. As a new kind of information processing technology, the quantum computing research has made many spectacular achievements in recent years. Quantum algorithms research has been developed since 1994, and has proved that the quantum computer has greater computing power than classic computer. The technologies of quantum computer implementation have been becoming perfect gradually. Researchers have proposed many implementation technologies such as NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), ion trap etc. The 5 qubits and 7 qubits quantum computer have been built in laboratory. So it is feasible to make quantum computer. It is more important to research the quantum computer architecture and use various techniques in existence to build a quantum computer with high performance and low price. Empirical studies of practical quantum computer architectures are just beginning to appear in the literature. It is a challenge but also a great opportunity for us.Based on the theory model of quantum computing and the quantum computing technique in existence, we have proposed the cooperating architecture of quantum computer. In this architecture, it uses the classic processor as its control unit, and use the quantum arithmetic logical unit and quantum memory unit as its co-process unit. This architecture is much simpler than pure quantum computer, and has equivalent performance. To enhance the quantum co-process unit's executing efficiency, we have proposed the dynamic schedule technique of quantum instruction, which references the idea in classic processor. This technique can enhance the computing performance greatly. We also proposed a self-error-correction quantum storage architecture. It references the research on quantum error-correction code, and can build a reliable storage system.Because the dynamic schedule technique cannot eliminate the data dependence in quantum instructions, we have proposed a parallel quantum computing model (PQCM) based on quantum network model to resolve this problem. We also analyzed the parallelism in quantum network, and give the analyzing and recomposing algorithm. This technique can improve the parallelism in quantum network and use for the compiler of quantum program.We proposed an object-oriented quantum computing language QJava which is based on Java. The language provides powerful computing and description ability for quantum computingalgorithm. It satisfies the requirements of quantum computing. It is very easy to use QJava to program.According to the implementation of many types of quantum computing simulation software system and its statistical results, we have summarized the requirement of simulating quantum computing and the primary technique in system design. We designed and realized a quantum computing simulation software system QCDK. It is much more convenience for user to program, debug and run the quantum program. It also can be used to research and simulate on quantum architecture.In quantum mechanics, we can use the vector and matrix operation to express the state and revolution. To enhance the efficiency and performance of the simulation, we studied the technique which uses vector processing to improve it. We found that the vector processing actually enhances the performance efficiently.During the research, we also studied the quantum algorithms. We found that there are some problems in Grover's quantum search algorithm, and proposed an improved quantum search algorithm to resol...
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