| Three parts are included in this dissertation.The starting is about copper vapor lasers (CVLs). We begin with the discussion on the atomic radiation transitions in the CVLs,followed by the review of the progresses in the CVLs in recent years. We then study in details the lasing kinetics mechanisms,both the additive hydrogen into the CVLs and the "black center" of the CVLs with a large bore. Applications and developments of the CVLs in the future are summarized.The second part is about CO2 lasers. We first discuss the mechanisms of population inversion,including excitations and relaxations (electron collision excitation,resonance transition excitation impacted by excited N2 molecules,the relaxation of both the lower-upper laser levels and the lowest level of CO2). Some important parameters,such as the small signal gain,the saturation gain and the laser output power,are described for a typical sealed-off CO2 laser. We then discuss the vibrational-rotational level transitions and the population rate equations for the laser. In addition,electron temperature,electron density and the mixtured gas temperature in the laser plasma are investigated in details.The third part is with regard to the optimal designs and the experiments of the lasers. On describing a genetic algorithm (GA),we present a method for applying GA to optimize the lasers. A programming is presented for obtaining the maximum laser power. By using the method we optimize the CVL and the CO2 laser,including LC circuit parameters of the CVL,the CVL system,the lasing resonator and the gas components mixtured in the CO2 laser tube. A CO2 laser with the optimized resonator is made and to be proved by experiments.This dissertation focus on the following problems:the kinetics process of the CVL and the CO2 laser,the rate equations for the laser level population,electron temperature and electron density. Applying the genetic algorithm,the CVLs and the CO2 lasers are optimized for obtaining the maximum output power.
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