Research On Livelihood Security Of Farmers Household

At present, as China is in a transition period of economic and social development, addressing livelihood issues has become the focus and challenges of economic and social development. The Party and Government has been taken multi-level measures, such as carrying out political and economic reform and issuing new social policies, to promote people's well-beings. Experiencing the natural disasters, financial crisis, ecological deterioration, market risk and emergency strikes, farmers generally lower their risk resilience and their livelihood security has been threatened. As the changes in the livelihood of farmers in transition and the increasing uncertainties of life, the livelihood security levels go down. Therefore, how to adapt to changes and control behavior to maintain its own security, is becoming the focus of attention. However, the current development of rural social security is seriously lagging behind, which fails to function its capabilities to protect the livelihood of farmers, against risk, and promote their development. In this context, studying issues of livelihood security of farmers is of great theoretical and practical significance.Livelihood security is an important component of national security and social security in rural areas, which is also the objective requirement of sustainable development of farmers. Exploring the theory of household livelihood security, which provides a new idea for the study of peasants in China, is conducive to efficiently using of resources investing in rural areas, promoting the coordinated development of rural society, and improving theory of sustainable development of the farmers. Safe and stable livelihoods could eliminate poverty, resist external pressure and impact, and then restore the ecological balance and sustain livelihoods, which would promote the coordinated development of regional economy.Assuring the livelihood security of rural households not only benefit the sustainable development of the rural economy, but also be conducive to improving farmers'living standards and effectively solve Chinese three-dimensional rural issues. Taking the famers as an object of the study, this thesis put forward the concept of household livelihood security from a macro point of view, and attempted to establish a basic theoretical framework of livelihood security for farmers including factor analysis, behaviors, assessment system, security model, etc. This thesis includes seven Chapters and ends with conclusion. Under the concept of Sustainable Development and a virtuous cycle of "Resources - Environment - Living", according to the logic of progressive layers, this thesis is closely around theme of the livelihood security.First of all, using the farmers as the research object, starting with defining the basic livelihood security, based on the basic situation of agriculture, countryside and farmers in China, according to sustainable livelihoods analysis framework and existing research results, the author strived to theoretically define the livelihood security of farmers in theory. Secondly, the author identified the current status of farmers'livelihoods in China. From objective analysis of the external environment, internal factor evaluation and description of household classification, this thesis outlined both challenges and opportunities facing the current household livelihood security, and described the farmers'livelihood by categories with particular attention to livelihood difficulties of the poor farmers.Thirdly, the author discussed the behavioral logic of livelihood security (selection logic of individual behavior security and collective behavior security) in general sense, and analyzed the value judgment and logic relation of Chinese farmers'livelihood security with AGIL. And then the factors influencing farmers'livelihood risk were addressed, including characteristics of environmental, economic, social and farmers, which were complex, unexpected, invisible and conductive. Also, the author stated that the measures farmers adopted to deal with risk would reduce the current income and consumption, even affect the long-term reproduction activities.Furthermore, based on the objective description of Chinese farmers'current livelihood and scientific analysis of farmers'livelihood behavior, a set of evaluation indicators for farmers'livelihood security was provided. At three system levels (i.e., the farmers livelihood systems, social systems, environmental systems), the author proposed 9 elements to assess livelihood security, which were environmental background, living pressures, social risk, the resources carrying capacity, livelihood assets, livelihood outcomes, environmental protection, regional development policies and farmers livelihood strategies. Through an empirical study, 30 specific indicators and evaluation criteria were identified. In particular, taking the indicators as the reference, farmers'livelihood security in Shaanxi province was empirically validated.Finally, this thesis constructed a tentative guarantee framework for household livelihood security, including the subject, scope, principles, methods and goals. On the basis of analysis of the current difficult situation, the thesis set up the dynamic mode for livelihood security with the combination of external pressure and internal demand and established three different regional livelihood security development modes, which were endogenous, open and collective. From the analysis above, the author proposed sustainable and coordinated approaches to achieve farmers'livelihood security in a broad sense, which were to establish livelihood security assessment and early warning mechanisms, and to greatly strengthen and develop livelihood projects. The author also suggested that the government should promote mutual assistance for strengthening the community starting from the perspective of social security system.