Searching For The Whole Person

Teaching activity is the most complicated human practical activity with being full of humanity. The teaching activity according with the humanity could train the whole person. Therefore, it is worthy of studying these issues such as the reasons about teaching activity according with the humanity, the essence of teaching activity according with the humanity, what kind of humanity accorded by teaching activity, in reality the way of teaching activity according with the humanity. This research which is directed by the philosophical anthropology and use synthetically data studies, meta-studies, comparative studies and investing studies has studied the teaching activity according with the humanity systematically and deeply.The whole research is divided seven parts.The fist part is the introduction. In China, the teaching activity controlled excessively by human rationality and utility is degraded down to one kind of substantial activity, which corroded and covered teachers and students'humanity, divided and twisted the joyful teaching life originally. Anthropology has been paying close attention to the teaching activity form the birth of it, especially the philosophical anthropology set the goal as searching for the whole person. It tallied deeply with the perfect person and all-round person who is the goal of teaching activity. So taking advantage of the theory and method about anthropology, especially philosophical anthropology, it is possible that we could think over teaching activity to train the whole person.The second part is about definiting some basic conception, such as teaching, teaching activity, humanity, whole person. Teaching activity in accord with humanity is that in the teaching space-time of constructing themselves by themselves, teaching subjects take special teaching approach on the medium of passing down and creating culture, to promote for human whole development by a kind of spiritual communication. Humanity is a characteristic of one point at the line formed by the animalized property and the cultural property, which developing trend is the start of the human animalized property at the original of human and is going to the human cultural property slowly. The whole person is a integration of natural existence, social existence and cultural existence with the condition of free existence, the way of cultural existence and the force of significant existence.The third part is about the historical characteristics of teaching activity and the deliberation about them. On the basis of the thoughts about historical evolution what is from Marxism and its thoughts on anthropology, the historical characteristics of teaching activity are nature, divinity, rationality, perception and utility. In the era of human holy image, nature makes teaching activity incline to imitate the nature of human and nature, which only complies with and respects the human nature, but could not promote human out form the nature genuinely. At the same era, divinity makes teaching activity train person at the standard of personal God, and transform the logic point of teaching activity from nature to human themselves, also lead teaching activity to overburden chasing for the perfect God. In the era of human unholy image, rationality makes teaching activity break away from the situation of divinity depressing humanity, and makes teaching activity spread out on the some logic and becomes ordering and operating. But probably teaching process becomes a natural scientific process as a mechanical process, operates human as a substance with rationality and implement property. Perception makes teaching activity promote students to get living experience, and connects experiencing knowledge with students'life, but probably which makes students not form their system of knowledge and sinks in the pure interest. Utility makes teaching activity pay close attention to students'existence, but bonded deeply by utility, teaching activity is distorted a tool for benefit. Surely at a sense the historical characteristics of teaching activity lead to human's alienation inevitably. Therefore, in the coming era of human classified image, education must develop the useful and discard the useless of the alienation of human development by teaching activity, deliberate deeply the present teaching activity with being full of rationality and utility, which leads the future teaching activity on the humanity genuinely sank by human to accomplish human whole development, in order to go to all-round and free development expected by Karl Marx.The fourth part is about the inspection of teaching activity on on the Philosophical anthropology. Firstly, the start of teaching activity is the human existence. There are two basic conditions created by human existence for the emergence of teaching activity. One is that human brains could attain the intellectual level of taking part in learning and teaching, and form the basic thinking ability of the core of imaging ability and abstract ability, and create the language reflecting the basic thinking ability. The other is that the change from natural person to social person is a necessary presupposition of human existence and a special obligation of teaching activity. Secondly, the goal of teaching activity is human development. The new substantial structure of the human body and tool makes humanity has double characteristics. Anyone is a kind of existence with the integration of human animalized property and human cultural property. So the human immaturity provides the possible goal of teaching activity, and the human cultural property provides the necessary goal of teaching activity, which leads to the integration of possibility and necessity on human development. Thirdly, the fisrt of teaching laws is following humanity. Teaching activity could get rid of the human animalized property, and give human the cultural property. But, teaching activity has one implacable antinomy. Teaching activity makes the human cultural property as its orientation, also orders, reforms and dispels the human animalized property to cultivate more civilized person. In order to ensure the developing force of the human cultural property, at the function teaching activity meets mainly the human animalized property. It makes teaching activity take place the separation and transposition between the goal and the function of it, which leads teaching activity not to bring its training full play.The fifth part is about the human traits of teaching activity. In the coming era of human classified existence, teaching activity is showing humanity wholly and deeply. Teaching goal is an ideal of cultivating the whole person according with humanity. Teaching subject is a general classified subject with the same of internal nature, and at the same time a individual classified subject who can construct and design himself by himself. Teaching content is a medium between culture and human inherent nature, and dialectically connect teacher and student. In the special natural space-time, teaching space-time is that teacher and student together construct social space-time on the medium formed by message and emotion. Teaching approach reflects the way of teachers and students'life existence, is a kind of ideal reflection of teaching being, and is a active model of teaching life after long teaching practice, also is a kind of spiritual communicating living approach.The sixth part is about the thoeritcal logic of the human regression of teaching activity. The antinomy of teaching activity makes teaching activity face up one difficulty in fact, which is a contradiction between the possible of making human perfect and the difficult of human change, and shows it as a contradiction between the teaching ideal of cultivating the whole person and the teaching practice of changing humanity very slowly. In reality, usually teaching activity is in the service of the human animalized property on the name of cultural activity, which makes teaching activity as not a kind of human special living activity but a kind of animal's existing activity, to develop person on the standard of substance unilaterally. So the human regression has become a necessity choice of teaching activity in reality. The correct way of dealing with the antinomy of teaching activity is that we think it as grant, and use it reasonably, and transform from the substantial to the human on the way of teaching activity developing person, which makes teaching activity is far from the excessive impact of rationality and utility, in order that teaching activity accord with humanity slowly and more effectively develop the whole person. There are three conditions of teaching activity realizing human regression. The first is that regressing the inherent teaching goal lets teachers and students feel more significance in participating in teaching activity. The second is that giving free lets teachers and students feel more possible in participating in teaching activity. The third is that defining themselves at the high level lets teacher and student have the abilities in participating in teaching activity. The ways of teaching activity realizing human regression are that teaching idea is from imitating life to respecting lift to changing life, teaching goal is from finishing tasks to cultivating person, teaching content is from knowledge points to knowledge structure, teaching approach is from on technology to in art and learning approach is from imitation to creation.The seventh part is about the way of the human regression of teaching activity in reality. The way of leading teaching activity to regress humanity needs the transformation of letting learning decide teaching, which makes students develop themselves by themselves. In details, the ways of making teaching activity be full of humanity are the subjective orientation about teaching value, the subjective generation about teaching goal, the whole selection and composting generation about teaching content, the comprehensive using about teaching method, the human selection and using about educational technology, the post individual construction about teaching organization, making the self-organization about teaching management and students developing themselves in harmony by using teaching evaluation.The innovation of this study is as follow. Firstly, the scope is new. It is the first time that taking advantage of the philosophical anthrolopolgy, it is a study sysmetically, wholly and deeply, in order to improve the teaching research to the standard of classified existence. Secondly, the content is new. At the standard of classified existence, it puts forward the historical characterstics of techeaing activity and thinks them over reasonably, constructs the teaching theoritcal system according with humanity, advances the theoritcal logic and real orientation of the teaching human regression. Thirdly, the main points are new. Teaching activity is a kind of human cativity. Teaching activity could get rid of the animalized property and give human the cultural property. Teaching activity in accord with humanity could develop the whole person. Using the antinomy of teaching activity reasonably could promote the teaching human regression effectively.