A Study On Higher Education At Northeast Region Of Modern Society(1901-1931)

In this article we study the development of modern tertiary education in Northeast China, and then analyze the establishment of colleges, curriculum and teaching, management, teacher and student groups, cultural choices, role and function of transformation modernization track, and expatiate the process of northeastern university's becoming to national university. We describe "modernization" and "being national university" of northeastern colleges, and further demonstrate complicated situation in the development of modern tertiary education of northeastern colleges, as well as the changes of its underlying social, political, economic, cultural and other aspects .The first chapter, "the establishment and evolution of modern northeastern colleges". Generally speaking, the modern northeastern colleges started in the late Qing Dynasty, developing in early Republic of China, reaching a mature stage. It was a gradual process. Northeast region establish many colleges by following the pace of the central with the local needs. However, the establishment and evolution of modern northeastern colleges had been greatly reflected by Political, economic and other factors.The second chapter,"the curriculum and teaching of the modern northeast colleges ". Curriculum had been introduced the West Division system of knowledge, and arts, science, agriculture and other integrated curriculum appeared. Emphasizing on explain in detail of teaching methods, the interaction between teachers and students and students actively participating in class. In addition, colleges organized all kinds of learning activities and practice in order to students' intellectuality.The third chapter "the basic management of modern northeast colleges". The colleges constantly improved recruitment agencies. Both entrance examination exam and recommendation for Admission were chose to select qualified students. The ideological and moral cultivation mode showed different characteristic at different times under the influence of the changes of politics, and it reflected more strongly the "control "and "indoctrination" of color. Colleges or local government imposed different effects on whereabouts of graduate students, while more graduates went into the society to choose their own jobs, and it promote the comprehensive development of society.The fourth chapter,"the birth of a new intellectual class group—the faculty groups". Modern northeastern region raised new faculty to form a unique structure of talent under the influence of a new wave of social trends. New faculty lives in many areas of life: Most of the faculty of the economic life was affected of varying degree because of the instability of finance and money; with the introduction of Western knowledge and culture, the new faculty carried out many academic activities, and it create a lot of research results; Apart from teaching and research the entertainment of faculty showed the characteristics of chinese and western; With the spirit of independence and freedom of the intellectual faculty inherited the spiritual core of traditional intellectuals, while they were also continued to be marginalized themselves.The fifth chapter, "the birth of a new intellectual class group ---the students group". With the development of modern tertiary education, the number of new student groups continue to increase gradually; the various cultural activities of students also received progress, showing the characteristics of colorful; tide of the times Surging and unique psychological temperaments of students keep campus disturbances increasing. Overall, the new group of students reflected the characteristics of transition, openness, collaboration.The sixth chapter, "the cultural choice of modern northeast colleges''. Internal and external situation of oppression make patriotic nationalist movement and the democratic movement of modern northeast colleges more. Meanwhile, modern northeast colleges were like a melting pot of ideas and theories which collide in them. Individuals or groups make their own choices under a drastic change of society, and they promote the process of social.The seventh chapter, "the process of modern northeast colleges being to national colleges". We reveal that the effect on the fate of Northeastern University by the central force and Peter H.L.Chang as the representative of the local forces. The force of The National Government have begun to penetrate The Northeastern University since Peter H.L.Chang took over the Northeast power and declared that "changed flag" in 1928. The Northeastern University moved into Peiping and became hard up after"9.18 Incident". The national government gave financial assistance to Northeastern University and made an effort to control it. The KMT adjusted Northeastern University and had taken over it in the end after Xi'an Incident. The Northeastern University became fully national university. The process of Northeastern University's becoming to national university was full of antagonistic relations between The KMT and the local forces, as well as the various conflicts within the University.The eighth chapter,"the role and the function of modern northeast colleges ".The colleges continued to develop and export all kinds of top talent, infusing new blood into society, and they finally make all industries change. As a group of advanced knowledge, academic community made use of a variety of modern media took part in scientific and cultural enlightenment with enthusiastic attitude in order to awakening the general public; At the same time, the colleges strived to get rid of the bad ideas, diffusing western concepts of advanced life, so that the urban lifestyles had been transformed.The addendum chapter,the relationship between the university and the State will be investigated. It includes the model and scale of administrative intervention, the spirit of "academic freedom" and etc.