Political Mobilization And Policy Process

The political mobilization,which means certain political subject(political elite or organization) gain,centralize and allocate resources to reach certain target under certain name(the general performance is certain ideological flag) by consensus propaganda,ideological education,setting up model,inducement of benefit and organization control,may be regard as one of the organization management methods,just like the patriarchy and the bureaucracy. It may be divided into the ideological mobilization and the social mobilization according to its objects. The political mobilization urges people to take the action so that to redeploy various resources effectively to realize the policy goal by stimulating people's political fervor or structuring a kind of political pressure. This main characteristic is different from the patriarchy,which carries out the unofficial control principle,viz. depends on the relations,the custom and the convention to maintain the management. It's also different from the bureaucracy,which depends on the rational rules to control.Since long ago formulating and carrying out the policy by the way of mobilization is an important characteristic of Chinese political practice. Especially in the period of revolution,Communist Party of China obtained the revolutionary victory mainly depending on the high efficient political mobilization. Since the founding of the nation and the Reform and Open policy China has had the earthshaking changes nearly in each aspect. But the ruling party maintains the astonishing continuity actually in the way of mobilization when they govern the party and the country. It's not only totally different from the Chinese traditional dynasty states,but also different from the other communist states. Policy Process is the core of Governmental Process and even of the Political Process. Analyzing the internal mechanism of the political mobilization from the view of Policy Process is an interesting way of knowing the Chinese politics. It's also an academic attempt of constructing the explaining model of Chinese politics from the medium range.The Chapter One of this paper analyses the formation,the evolution and the reforming of the political mobilization way. In the period of revolution,the Exploration of the political mobilization by the CPC experienced a process from the start,growing to the gradually maturing. After the founding,the mass movement which had been developed in the governmental construction of the Base by the CPC is widely used by the new government because of its formidable potency on mobilizing the society supports and reconstructing the social structure. The unceasing mass movement becomes the conventional method to implement the policy. After the Reform and Open policy,Deng Xiaoping is fundamentally against being engaged in the political campaigns considering the social disorder and the huge price that the past political movement,especially the Cultural Revolution brought. He thought that people should do more on the institutionalization. As to the ideological mobilization,the scope of mobilization is basically limited in the Party and the method is milder. As to the social mobilization,attaching importance to the economic law is more emphasized in the field of economy. But to some significant political society question,for example the public security government , Deng Xiaoping liked specially the political mobilization. Afterwards the ideological mobilization actually has already abandoned the demand of the ordinary people. It paid more attention on seeking internal authority among the supreme leaders. As to the social mobilization,the governance of the economical society by the ruling party and the state followed still the way of the large-scale political mobilization in certain scope and to a certain extent. For example,the punishment of the corruption and crime,the resistance and relief of the calamities etc. But during the Governmental Process,all kinds of government behavior in the way of Movement can be seen everywhere. The Chapter Tow talks about the three main elements of the political mobilization. They are also three variables which can influence the operation of the mobilization model. One variable is a strong ideology. One variable is the pyramid–like and concentric circle–like construction and the principle of democratic centralism. The other variable is the rule of recruiting the elite according to the cadre standard. So long as these three elements have not changed,the political mobilization is inevitable. The Chapter Three and Four analyze separately two types of mobilization model of policy Agenda Building,three types of mobilization model of policy implementation and the operation with the classical cases. The Chapter Five refers to the achievements and insufficiency of the political mobilization and its rationality in contemporary China. Finally is the conclusion and the summary of the complete studies. As one kind of management way,the mobilization model's strong point is obvious. It can politicize all the problems including the administration problem. It can make the Party and the state focus on the established objectives when necessary and mobilize effectively the general populations and the entire society's resources to fight for it. Moreover the decision-making and implementation have extremely dynamics and penetrability. It can get quick results but in some situations other management methods cannot. Especially in the late-development exogenous modernized country,the political mobilization can be regarded as a sub-optimal choice under certain constraint condition because of the absence the rational bureaucracy,the juvenility of the citizen society and the weak ability of the social self-organization. But the negative effect is also very obvious. For instance it's easy to create the instability of the policy process. In certain historical period,the large-scale political movement is even a disaster. It also has the function limit,which is mainly reflected in the conflict of the simplification of using the political resources and the multiplication of the policy goal. So the function of the political mobilization should be adjusted in certain scope.