The Study Of Local Party-Government Relationship Of Nanjing National Government

Chinese political system had undergone an important historical change during the first half of the 20th century as the external pressures brought about by the national crisis, which witnessed a transformation from the traditional feudalistic system to the of modern party politics. Kuomintang (KMT), as the first political party, reserved its regime in Chinese history that stated the beginning of party politics and opened the process of china's social and political modernization in the modern nation-state building.Nanjing National Government experienced a preliminary consolidation and development from 1927 to 1937. During this period, party politics in China began to practice and gradually play a certain role in promoting economy development, cultural and social construction. Meanwhile, the KMT firstly built a political system of "ruling the country by the party" in the form of national basic laws and paralleled the party organizations and administrative organization within one political system, which created a new political development mode with Chinese characteristics. But in actual operation process, the KMT had adopted the system of party organizations' power replaced governmental organizations'at the central level and a separation of power between party organizations and government's at the local-level.During Minguo Period, Jiangsu Province as the capital of the Republic of China as well as a model province, the KMT's influence in Jiangsu was more powerful than other provinces. In the actual running, the party organizations and governmental organizations of Jiangsu Province made close coordination on some major issues, and jointly promoted the development of local social progress. But this system inevitably exposed many contradictions at the local level because the local government held the local finance, personnel, administrative power. On the contrary, the local party headquarters'main work of was propaganda, education, etc which led to problems such as party-government division and conflicts, weakened party rights. In the meantime, the party-government relationship at local-level evolved an important constraint factor to social development at that period. Therefore, taking Jiangsu Province's local party-government relationship as an example by in-depth and detailed studying of Minguo's party-government relationship of its static and dynamic changes was an effective way to solve the problems of local party-government relationship in the process of social development based on the Chinese society.From the perspective of systems theory, the dissertation used systems analysis, comparative analysis, historical analysis, and the combination of theory and practice of other research methods, taking the government and the party as two relatively independent political systems which were born in modern China's modernization process, analyzed the interactive power relationship between local party headquarters and local governments with the background of Nanjing National Government period (1927-1937), explored the practical operation condition of KMT's idea of "ruling the country by the party", examined the strength and characteristics of the Kuomintang party governance during the period of Nanjing National Government and exposed the trace of china local political transition from dynasty political system to party politics with the introduction of party politics mode of western countries.The dissertation has seven chapters, which mainly discussed three actual state of the local party-government relationship of Jiangsu province during the Mingguo period in respects of system construction, content and structure, the actual operation and modern understanding. The three states were parallel and separate, unity and cooperation and mutual control and conflict, which carried out the evolving trend of modern china local political. The paper also made some conclusions.First, party politics has become an important symbol of modern society. The party-government relations in modern democratic politics is a core symbol of modern democracy, especially party politics research is one of the basic questions in party politics relationship study. In general, the political relations of modern society, is directly or indirectly, explicitly or implicitly contains elements of party and government relations to some extent. Therefore, any country must pay special attention to the relations between party and government and effectively handle it during its modern development process.Second, in modern state structure, the local level relationship between party and government plays a fundamental role in the whole country as the state's principles and policies will be ended by local governments responsible for specific implementation. In other way, a harmonious and stable relationship between party and government at the local level is a premise for the social development and smooth operation of central government's policies.Third, this kind of local party-government relationship system designed by KMT during Nanjing National Government period was less restraint to local government from local party headquarters, which guaranteed the independence of executive power that strengthened governments'social management power and increased government autonomy. At the same time, the functions of party and government designed in this system, emphasizing not the function of local party headquarter but government, to a certain extent, promoted the establishment of a modern political operation network which had played a positive role in china political modernization. However, this system designed in the time also inherited some Chinese old autocratic tradition which was lack of essence of modern politics thus made the system only showed its appearance in some critics'view.Fourth, the party-government relationship mode was cultivated in certain political, social, historical and cultural circumstances that constituted the environment of the world without a universal mode, which would develop and change with the time. That is to say, any local party-government mode was rooted in a country's historical tradition and realistic national conditions. To some extent, the local party-government relationship in period of Nanjing National Government ignored the actual situation of its time. Therefore, this design which appeared to meet the requirements of the modern political system had resulted in a huge loss of KMT party right at the local level, so that the party headquarters of local level had become a non-essential furnishing.Fifth, the KMT's local organizations also showed a lax state, weak party power, low quality of most party members, which was less attraction for people and for the control of party members that impeded and stifled the development of Chinese society and eventually brought disastrous consequences. Therefore, the weakness of KMT's party-government two-track system was not only a embodiment of failure of the spirit of modern party politics but also became a key factor for it's lost of authority.