Republic Of China Hebei Flag To Change (1912-1934)

After the founding of the Republic of China in 1912, the feudal monarchies in China as long as more than 2000 years were ended. And with it comes the division of property. The banner legacy in Hebei, one special land of Qing Dynasty, raised the complex competition due to its particularity of ownership and location. Therefore, the special institution was established to resolve the banner legacy for a long time by the government of the Republic of China.Based on the review of the banner legacy's origin and variation in Hebei during the Qing Dynasty, Chapter One focus on analyzing the multiplication of the banner legacy's being sold privately, and further points out the inevitability of the banner legacy's privatization.The situation of the banner legacy at the beginning of the Republic of China is the reference basis for the government's policymaking. Therefore, Chapter Two emphasizes to analyze the specific circumstances of the banner legacy and the situation both internal and international it was facing.From 1912 to 1934, the related policies about how to resolve the banner legacy have been perfected steadily. The Chapter Three first summarizes the policies during this time, then inspects their implements in those areas where the banner legacy were. As Yuan Shi-kai came to power, the Qizudi, as the state-owned land of the Qing Dynasty, was taken over and cleaned gradually. But along with the increasing confidence of holding political power, Yuan Shi-kai got around to clean the Qiquandi for the purpose of increasing the fiscal revenue. Thenceforward, although the regimes continually alternated, the cleaning of the banner legacy had been remained from the warlord era to the early Nanjing Kuomin government period. Throughout the history of the banner legacy's being cleaned by the government of the Republic of China, it presented the enormous differences on the progress and strength according to region. So the process, from the coming on of banner legacy policies to theirs being carried out, was under the way between the fight and compromise among all relevant parties including the government.During the Republic of China, many institutions transited with the regime change, and the governing body of the banner legacy is no exception. Chapter Four first introduces the development of the governing body of the banner legacy on provincial and county level, then focus on inspecting the actual implementation of the banner legacy policies, based on the analysis of the structure and efficiency of management staff.Bobuzudi is the compensation to those who had been occupied the land in the areas adjacent to the capital. Although as the common land, it had been resolved as the banner legacy by the government of the Republic of China because of the specialty connected with the banner legacy. Chapter Five explicates the history of Bobuzudi and the relationship between it and the banner legacy, then makes a concentrated exploration on the roles of the relevant parties in the policymaking of Bobuzudi in the Republic lf China and the result of haggling reflected from the above competition.Under the guidance of the relevant policies, the banner legacy transform towards the common land on a far greater scale while carrying on the development tendency from the end of the Qing Dynasty. Chapter Six probes into the gaming of power among the relevant parties during the ownership transformation of the banner legacy. In this benefit struggles, the government is on the very top of the chain and the tenant peasants is on the end, while those jangturies and formal management staff are the contact point between them. The ownership transformation of the banner legacy provides the chance for above parties to struggle, and their roles in the temporal society are revealed much more clearly. In spite of more benefit was gotten by those jangturies and formal management than they would had, the government won the biggest share as it realized the target in the great degree.In the last chapter, it was pointed out that the ownership transformation of the banner legacy incarnated one kind of the interactions between the state and the local. From it, we can find out the troubles existing in the course of policies'being designed and implemented, and the influence exert on the state, as well as the final result of the struggle among them. But as the top gainer, the state failed to find a more rational resort to accomplish its target because of the causes of themselves.