Study On Tulong

Tu Long(1543-1605),named as Chang Qing,born in NingBo ZheJiang,famous litterateur in Ming Dynasty.He lived in both LongQing and WanLi ages during which many political,economic,cultural changes had taken place.While blending all the diversified and conflicting thoughts in that roaring age,he distinguished himself as a literature master who symbolized the climacteric of literature style with his unique character,writing spirit and experiences.Based on the point above,my thesis presented a general study of Tu Long.with individual research sections on Tu Long's family background and life experience,career development,religion,literature thoughts,drama writing,integrating with information on the literature critics,movements,writing and performing of that time,my thesis tries to reveal a genuine picture of Tu Long's personality and spirits which hopefully can be a modest supplement to the existing Tu Long individual study.The thesis was divided into 7 chapters.The first chapter is about Tu Long's family background and the shaping of his early personality.Tu Long was born in Ningbo,ZheJiang(the ancient name was YongShang).In the middle of Ming Dynasty,YongShang featured itself with diverse but co-existing cultures.The local custom had great respect for teachers and good personality,favored both Confucianism and Buddhism,breeding many heroes and house-hold names.The local culture has a great impact on Tu Long's early personality.Tu Long's Family has fallen down during the time he was born.while his generous and honest character,natural and unstrained spirit could be traced back to his father,his perseverance and strong will was somehow inherited from her mother, at the same time,literature taste of Tu Dashan(Tu Long's teacher,also his relative) also influenced him from the early childhood.In conclusion,the local culture and Family background shaped his early personality,presenting a great influence on his later life.The Second chapter is about the political situation of Long Wan period and Tu Long's official career.In the Long Wan Period,the political situation of Ming Dynasty was changing rapidly,the fate of humbleness and the fact of corruption like the heavy burden in the heart of official gentlemen.Tu Long has been worked in two counties,and up to be a officer of a department,all these life are full of pain.After the biggest defeat of losing the officer job in the twelfth year of Wan Li,he almost lost all his ambition of being somebody.He was not willing to back home in the middle age, but he has already known that the honest and literate people like he is not fit to this kind of dark official atmosphere.The ending of his official career is just the reflection of the political darkness at that period.The third chapter is about the "three religion combination" in LongWan dynasty, Tu Long's Buddhism thoughts and his later years of life.Ming Dynasty pushed the "combination of three religions" for its political ruling needs.The thoughts trend of "confucianism as core,Buddhism and Taoism as supplementary" is more like a ideological tool for the ruling class.But this thoughts trend opened doors to a further and deeper level of combination for scholars of Buddhism and Taoism as they started from inner revolution needs of their own philosophy and seeked for more changes and developments,putting a much more sophisticated influence on the society than a "supplementary thoughts" would do.The scholars of Ming dynasty,like Tu Long,had many social connections with famous scholar from Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,and formed their own unique way of living and behaving.The forth chapter Four is an analysis of Tu Long's literature theory---transition from "renaissance" to "nature".In Long Wan age,the transition of literature trend from "renaissance" to "nature" already appeared.Tu Long is a member of "renaissance" circle,but also remained close connection with "Nature" party scholars. His literature thoughts had been swayed between "renaissance" and "nature",striking a mild balance during the transition.The fifth chapter is the analysis of his Drama Caihao Ji.It started with the theme and language,discussed Tu Long's purpose of describing his ideal ego in his drama, digging to the philosophy level of "history and self".At the same time,some words have been given to the analysis of Tu Long's drama language style and weakness as the representative of"Wen Ci"school.The sixth chapter is the analysis of Tu Long's Drama Tanhua Ji.This drama expressed his anger and attitude toward reality through his characters in the Drama. Multiple levels of characters in his drama provided outlets for expressing himself,but also creating conflicts of different thoughts and opinions which is a common dilemma for writer since the drama itself will have a requirement of character setting that is different from its creator's original intention.The seventh chapter is the analysis of Tu Long's drama Xiuwen Ji.This literature work is a biography-like drama.But the combination of literal imagination and reality requires a high-level of drama structure skills which Tu Long actually lacked,the drama's loose structure and disorder negatively affected its stage performance.