| From late 1970's and early 1980's,along with the China's opening policy and the frequency of cultural contacts with the outside world,kite culture,with its peculiar charm and significance,has become a kind of regular sport culture with official color and a culture-oriented tourism project.It is not only used broadly in many activities, such as in flying,competition,entertainment,but also treated as work of art, collection,tourism souvenir,beautifying our living.However,compared with the vigorous kite practice activities,research on kite art from academic aspect nowadays is still relatively weak.The research that has been carried out either treats the kite as a kind of art work,paying more attention to kite itself,such as its origin,sculpt,subject, brushwork,technique,etc.or deals only with the connection between the art and popular social life in some aspects or some regions,regardless the kite art as one part of people's life.As a result,the research at present have cut apart the connections among the kite art with natural world,economy and society,have reduced the space-time tension of the kite art.Besides,although the technique of kite making has already been listed in the first group of country intangible cultural heritage directory, its research at present pays no more attention to its protection,development and utilization.As tourist culture resources,the kite art's significance and social function are becoming more and more obvious,we therefore need urgently to do further research in theory about its cultural connotation,its protection,development and utilization so as to further expand and spread this culture.This thesis adopts cultural ecology which is one of newly developing intersect subjects as basic theory,carrying out a kind of entire,systematic,dynamic research on kite culture.In this way,we can grasp the ecological environment of kite culture entirely,thus we are able to find out the sustainable ways about its protection and utilization,so as to deepen kite culture study.Cultural ecology offers a new angle of view for the study of kite culture.It is a new intersecting subject which applies the ecology theories and systematic theories to culture research.It emerges under such background that ecology has finished its humanity change and the science of culture is seeking for a new kind of theory,its emergence reflects the trend in 20th century medium term which the relations between science and humanities changed from separation,resisting to fusion.Cultural ecology leads system thought into the culture research,attaches importance to the relations between culture and its living environment,and seeks for the sustainable development road of kite culture.Compared with the traditional ways of cultural research,cultural ecology,being superior in theory and method,shows mainly the concept of viewing the situation as a whole and the concept of intergrowth,varied equilibrium,dynamic opening and administrative structure.Ecology theory and method applying concretely to the kite culture studying includes two aspects,one is the relation between kite culture and its living environment which is a broad concept,including not only natural environment,but also all kinds of man-made cultural environment,such as politics,economy,culture and information environment etc.The other is the ways about kite culture's sustainable development.The thesis studies the relation between kite culture and its living environment first.Kite's historical development is not isolated.Its existing formation transformed from aerocrafts to entertainment tools with sorcery character to pure culture,sports, entertainment appliances again;and its main function transformed from pragmatic to entertainment to industrial carrier,but contacts closely with social politics,economy and culture mentality.The development and evolution of kite culture is not a flat surface,but being spreading out in certain time and space environment,In longitudinal continuum,the kite culture was delivered from generation to generation through two systems—clan inheritance and score and formula inheritance;in lateral extension space,all kinds of kite schools formed due to the regional difference in nature and environment.Different environment leads to different philosophical basis, mode of thinking and the social system,which cause the great differences on art styles between Chinese kites and western kites.The kite creates,develops,inherits and spreads in folk culture system,the kite and the key element of folk culture system, such as folk custom,folk literature,folk drawing etc,has interacted and interwove mutually.They compose Chinese folk culture particularity commonly,and reflect life attitude and thought emotion of Chinese public.Regarding on systematic viewpoint, each key elements of kite itself form an organic system,which reflects not only the unification of science and art,but also the unification of truth,good and beauty.These are the key factors that make the kite art have distinctive character and be different from other folk works of art.Secondly,the thesis studies the roads of kite culture sustainable development. According to ecology system balance and unbalance theory,all folk culture ecosystem factors that kite today relies on have already changed,the kite culture ecological environment changes also with that.Effective protection and developing measures must be adopted to make kite culture adapt to the new living environment,also make it inherit and develop forever.We should remain the kite culture factors diversification coexistence by protecting measures,should renew and regenerate them by utilization,so that we can make the kite culture factors gain sustainable development in a harmonizing state.On basis of realizing the protecting necessity in the kite culture,we should abide by some protecting rules which are sustainable development rule,protection with development rule,overall culture ecosystem protection rule,and carry out corresponding protecting measures separately in thinking tier face,managing tier face and operating tier face.The heritages exploitation is subordinate to its protection,inheritance and sustainable development, the former is not purpose,but means,so is the kite culture heritage.Under the condition of market economy,the exploitation to the kite culture must follow industry development road,change culture value to economic value.The modern kite manufacture industry,tourism industry and modern cultural industry are important kite development fields.The concluding part of the thesis contrasts the basic thought of cultural ecology with Chinese tradition ecology thought,points out the agreement relation between the both.Furthermore,it also summarizes the kite culture for "four rounds" and "four fits" from the angle of Chinese tradition ecology thought,which not only sum up the content to full text and promote the theory,but also reveal the inherent reasons that we adopt cultural ecology to study the kite culture.
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