The Comparative Study Of Christian Education In Modern China And Japan (1860-1950)

This dissertation,from the perspective of Glocalization and using the method of comparative study,aims to explore the different local place,feedback and evolution of Christian education in modern China and Japan during the nation-state formative process.The dissertation also analyses the changes of Christian education's ideas and the relationship with mission and church in the two countries.The dissertation is in four parts.The introduction part first gives a review of relevant theoretical background and studies,then demonstrate the feasibility of making the Glocalization to be a new perspective study,which is followed by a brief explanation of the basic materials and analytical structure of this thesis.The main body of this dissertation is the second part to the forth part.Each part,included about thirty years to be a period,describes and compares the particular course of Christian education in modern China and Japan.The second part is titled by "Missionary-education and Modern-education" and the time scope is 1860-1890 year.During this period,the missionary color of Christian education in China was extremely thick,but Christian education in Japan was regarded as the model of modern education.Although the quantity of Christian schools in China was much more,the quality of education and students in China was worse than in Japan.These facts also facilitated the differences of the mission-church and the native church in the two countries' Christian movement.The Christian education of China and Japan had the similar mission-education tradition,but the status of the native teachers in the two countries' Christian school had the huge disparity.Needs to pay attention was, from the long-term judgment,the development space of Christian education in China would be more free and broader than in Japan,although during this time the rooting culture ecological environment of Christian education in Japan was more suitable than in China.The third part is titled by "nationalization and socialization" and the time scope is 1890-1920 year.Comparing with the preceding time interval,the Christian education in Japan and China presented the opposite development tendency.After the impact of the 19^thcentury 90's anti-foreign movement and the promulgation of the Ministry of Education's policy concerned the Christian education,The Japanese Christian schools was gradually inserted to the public education system and being peripherization under the competition of the public schools.During this period,the Christian education in China was gradually desalinating the thick of missionary color,being specialization and systematization through the Educational Association of China' coordination.Comparatively,the scale of Japan's Christian education was smaller and the system was not complete.For example,there was the huge disparity in elementary education,higher education,pedagogical education.The Japanese Christian schools were completely the native educational institution;but the Chinese Christian schools were still regarded as the foreign institution,which would be intensely criticized by the nationalism.The forth part is titled by "the feedback under the national education system" and the time scope is1920-1950 year.The dissociation of the Chinese Christian education out of the national education system was changed in the 20^thcentury 20's and the experience of the Japanese Christian education in the turn of century was referred by the Chinese Christian educators.They began to undertake the role of leadership during the procedure of registration,which formally symbolized the transformation from the "mission-school" to "church-school".Though the two countries' Christian education had been under the national education system,there was very wide difference of the control degree between the two countries.Japanese Government was much stricter than Chinese government in controlling Christian education.On the religious education,the teaching forms were approximately same in the two countries,but the concrete content in China was much richer than in Japan.Comparatively,the militarism color of Japan's Christian school was thick.In the initial period of the Sino-Japanese War, the Christians of China and Japan once attempted to adjust and balance between the internationalism and the nationalism,but this behavior was very weak and incapable before the war.The Chinese Christian education received the encouragement of the government and maintained its inherent internationalization because of the loyalty during the war.Comparatively,the Japanese Christian education was gradually integrated to the war structure and became more nationalization because of the government's oppression.The end of World Warâ…¡made the evangelization to be able to start again and the post-war plan was formulated in both countries,especially on the higher education.But because of the conflict and contradiction between the mission-vision and the native-vision,the operation of the plan was full of obstacle and opposition,which was also the manifestation of Glocalization in the history of the Christian education in modern China and Japan.The part of conclusion recapitulates the course of Christian education in modern China and Japan, which was not only affected by the different local culture ecology,but also molded by the different route of the two countries' nation-state construction.The history of Christian education in modern China and Japan manifested the particularly characteristic of Glocalization...