| As a creatively persevere writer, Hao Ran`s writing has been through the three stages of the contemporary history of literature. At each stage his work has aroused extensive interest and exerted great influence in the creation of the popular discourses. The evolution of his work, therefore, is a miniature of the route of the contemporary literature, and a study of his writing career can help us obtain a better understanding of contemporary literature.Meanwhile, Hao Ran is a controversial writer because of the complicated relationship between his writing and the time life and the political discourses, his unique perspective and the narrative and formal characteristics of his texts. Focusing on Hao Ran, different kinds of literary, political and social discourses collide, interweave and fuse, forming a discourse field full of tension. A study of this discourse field is helpful for a re-presentation of the contemporary literary discourse and context. This studying can reproduce the relations between individual creation and its context, the relations between literature and politics and the special system of contemporary literature partially. So this theme is not only to study Hao Ran ,but also to study the contemporary literary history and cultural history.This dissertation consists of four chapters between an introduction and a conclusion.The Introduction briefly reviews the changes and polemical controversies seen from texts books of literary history and newspapers and journals and raises the following questions: the question of Hao Ran`s personality as a writer; the authenticity of the works of Hao Ran; and the evaluation of Hao Ran`s writing career. Based on such questions, the author of this dissertation further asks: should we judge Hao Ran`s works with a political criterion? Is Hao Rao right or wrong in advocating the collaboration movement and the struggle between different classes? Has Hao Ran been right or wrong in his creation? With these questions in mind, this dissertation aims to enlarge the meaning of Hao Ran study and combine the study of Hao Ran with the study of literary history and literary theory.The First Chapter analyzes the beginning stage of Hao Ran`s writing and its cultural context. It first reviews how Hao Ran has changed from a peasant to a revolutionary writer and defines his cultural identity as a revolutionary when he first began to write. Three special characteristics about Hao Ran are found out: an idealistic way of looking at the world; the traumatic childhood experience; a political dimension in his judgment of literature. His early short novels with Magpie on Head as the representative, which basically write about the new revolutionary characters and spirits. Such works mainly come from sentiments gathered from real life and are written under the guide of Baihua literary theory and appears to have"the flavor of the earth and the dew"."The new person"theme and"the flavor of the earth and the dew"style not only coincide the concept that literature should serve political causes, but also satisfy the critics expectation for literary character. As soon as Hao Ran gets into the literary world, he is welcome warmly. Critics see the hope waiting for for a long time from him---- Gongnongbing is not only the narrating character and readers, but also having own author. Hao Ran has become the focusing of different discourses with the strong waiting and beautiful expectations of them.The Second Chapter studies the heyday of Hao Ran and its political context (before the Cultural Revolution). Hao Ran has been famous for his"the new persons"theme and"the flavor of the earth and the dew"style for the moment, but with the developing of the situation people ask for him further, and he isn't satisfied with his repeating. He needs to improve himself with new theory and to renew his thinking. At last Hao Ran receives the class struggle's theory like treasure . Guided by both political and literary discourse, Hao Ran accepts the class struggle view of literature and exercises it in his second stage of writing and writes one of his representative works Bright Days. Compared with his early works, the textual characteristics of Bright Days shows great changes in the identity of the protagonist, the positive characters` spiritual feature, the narrative space, tone and style. Such changes cater to the demands of the political causes and bring Hao Ran great fame.The Third Chapter looks at the heyday of Hao Ran`s writing and its political context (during the Cultural Revolution). It first reviews the emergence of the cultural revolutionary discourse and Hao Ran`s obedient attitude toward such discourses. Though Hao Ran has been active for the cultural revolutionary literature, his Jin Guang Da Dao isn't the discourse of class struggle purely unlike thinking. This chapter compares two of his representative works: Bright Days and The Golden Path, and find many similarities between them. Therefore, the author of this paper tends to classify The Golden Path as the class struggle work before the Cultural Revolution. With The Sons and Daughters of Xisha and The Valley of a Hundred Flowers as examples, this chapter analyzes the general features of Hao Ran`s writings: the double stereotype of both the literary way and the political contents, represented as the condensation of narration and normalization of plotting in aspects like the normalization of plots, stereotyping of characters, politicization and sentimentalization of language, and the shadowing of details. When Hao Ran has been successful completely, all support Hao Ran ,widen his influence and give status to Hao Ran`s social place, such as public opinion,publishing,critics, which makes Hao Ran famous, and has been only the writer of"eight samples opera and one writer"at that time.The Forth chapter is a study of the transitional period of Hao Ran`s writing and the change of the political context. Since the New Epoch, because of the changes of the political contexts, Hao Ran`s literary contexts has undergone great changes. A reflection of this makes Hao Ran step on the transitional period of his creation. During this period he honestly corrects the serious mistakes he has made before and changed his writing style, as is seen from works like Feelings of the Mountain and Water, The Old Man and the Tree, and The Floating Cloud. However, Hao Ran doesn`t forake his previous political concept and shows the residue of a strong self in the transformation of his creation, as is seen in his positive narrative attitude of the collaboration movement, the admiration of carders in the collaboration movement and his lingering attitude toward the land owners. Through the analysis of the representative work of The Mass, we find Hao Ran sticks to his way of looking at the world from the perspective of revolutionaries peasant. Such perseverance in self causes debates about him and forms a open field of discourse, which exhibits different kinds of views of literature, the deep discussion arisen is significant for the development of literary theory.The conclusion of this study is that Hao Ran is self-formed as well as normalized. The normalized Hao Ran is closely related to the political situation. The stable Hao Ran has its unchanging aspect and the politically normalized Hao Ran has his life cell. The farm life, the revolutionary experience in the collaboration movement and his career as a journalist constitute the meeting point of his creation, which is the foundation of his creation he returns again and again. A further discussion of the complicated relationship between politics and literature, how literature adapts itself to the need of politics is necessary. In whatever situation, a writer should safeguard his life and spirit focus. Literary works is the natural condensation of the writer's life experience rather than the intentional choice and processing by the time rationality.There is a lesson from Hao Ran that his works serve the wrong politics ,which is mainly because he can`t insist on his own feeling coming from the lives, but following the social thoughts. When they are denied, Hao Ran is praised. When they get positive, he is criticized. The phenomenon reminds people of opening eyes facing modern popular thoughts and strong discourse. The literary creation should begin with the real feeling of the life, not from the prevailing words. The accumulated feeling is the mother who gives to the birth of literature naturally, which is not reformed in brief.M.Foucault`s way is used in this dissertation. That is"Using the partial and tiny discourse analysis objects to the scientific whole knowledge and grade knowledge, which makes the oppressed words free."Moreover, this dissertation identifies with his"Right coming from the lower."I tries to analyze Hao Ran`s friends,colleagues,the private lives, readers and art criticism, which traces back how"the non-literary words"gets into the area of the literature by a series of courses. But I don't want to get into the west literary theory. As a whole, this dissertation combines the textual analysis with the analysis of the historical records. In the representation of the different contexts, analysis of historical records is applied and compares it with the textual analysis, finding the corporative process and respects the inconsistent phenomenon and its causes with the intention to discover the root of literary transformation and the energy of literature.
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