| The intellectual stratum was the main stratum of the society in Qin and Han dynasty. They were the carrier of the culture and all kinds of thoughts. They had knowledge and served for the government. The intellectual self-consciously attached themselves to the politics. They had strong obligation to the dynasty. The attention to the politics brought the development of the official career for the intellectual, but on the other side, the intellectual would have conflict with the government and that would lead to the criminal. In feudal society, the emperor had the highest power , the criminal of the intellectual included that they offended law and the emperor ,dignitary and so on. That was to say, the basis of the criminal was not only the law, it also had subjective factor.The type of the crime were various, there were four types: the first was the immoral, it cluded rebellion, Curse, spread fallacies to deceive people, Slander, frame a case against somebody, and so on; The second was the irreverence; the third was organize party and intercommunicate; There were other crime, such as concealment, hold the book illegal, homicide, and so on. Especially at the end of the dynasty, the government was not based the law to criminate, the intellectual was easy to be a criminal. Because of the character of the intellectual, the crime was focused on the field of politics and culture.In Qin dynasty, many intellectual were buried alive, in East Han dynasty ,there were the disaster of the durance, the free press made the government angry and that were the origin of the disaster. The slay leaded to the comedown of the regime.There were some reasons about the crime. The main reasons were three. One was the foundation of the feudalism, it made the circumstance were different from before. There were conflict between the intellectual and the supreme imperial power; two was the scarcity of the chance of being an official. The intellectual had to find unusual ways to being an official, which would be illegal. Three was the different vogue in three dynasty.The government took some measures to prevent the crime. The first was to declare the conception of loyalty to the subject. The government also set up school to publicize the Confucianism, and used the punishment to frightened the... |
