From Chen Yinke, Qian Mu To Yu Yingshi

Mr. Yu Yingshi is one of the most influential masters on the study of Chinese history nowadays. From the perspective of historiography, he perceives and expounds the national characteristics, internal vicissitude and modern value of the Chinese traditional ideology and culture, in order to lay historic and ideological foundations of the renewal and reintegration of Chinese cultural traditions.Yu Yingshi has made great achievements in the research in such fields as the history of Chinese ideology, Chinese intellectuals, and Confucian ideology which have been started since the Song Dynasty. He has continual influence on Chinese humanities academe. In the spirit of independence and freedom, his study reflects his intense sense of duty to serve the Chinese society and culture. On the basis of Chinese traditional ideology, it develops from the previous achievements made by his predecessors in view of the history and the world, and fuses not only the Chinese and western ideology but also the traditional and modern theories. Yu Yingshi holds a significant academic position in China on account of his remarkable achievements. His study sets an example for the development because of his modern spirit. It is very significant to study Yu Yingshi's theories and thoughts because it is edifying for the further promotion of the Chinese humanities scholars' research and the construction of Chinese modern culture. In Yu Yingshi's profound and vast ideological sphere, the most representative and comprehensive study is his theories on the "New Song Doctrine" which is also the essential part of his study. This paper probes into this part, especially the construction of these theories.Yu Yingshi's "New Song Doctrine" originates from his modern interpretation of the "Song Doctrine" ( take New Confucianism of Song Dynasty includes Neo-Confucianism as the core of Song Dynasty academic culture ) and is greatly influenced by Chen Yinke and Qian Mu thanks to their communication on their study. Both Chen Yinke and Qian Mu approved "the Song Doctrine" and made the modern interpretation of it. Their modern interpretation can be regarded as the foundation and the background of the construction of Yu Yingshi's theories of "New Song Doctrine". The first half of this paper tentatively discusses Chen Yinke and Qian Mu's modern interpretation of "Song Doctrine".Chen Yinke's theory consists of five aspects: the national standard cultural ideas, the spirit of thinking independently and freely, the ideal of respecting moral and spirit, the academic mission of the Yellow River and Fen River to impart and inherit the Chinese culture and civilization, and the historical methods of learning from history. Qian Mu's interpretation is also summarized in five points: the origin of the Song doctrine in Buddhism and Confucianism, the establishment of the Song Doctrine in modern study, the spirit of the Song Doctrine, "understanding the system to achieve use", the synthesis and penetration Song Doctrine scene, "the unity of nature and humanity" Song Doctrine state. In a sense, The modern interpretation of "Song Doctrine" by Chen Yinke and Qian Mu , also has constructed their "New Song Doctrine". Mr. Chen Yinke and Qian Mu all received the impaction of practical Confucianism in late Qing dynasty ,and also influenced by Puxue in Qian-Jia periods and the scientific historiography, but the "New Song Doctrine" they initiated positively and constructed preliminarily ,is not continuance of the "Ming-Qing study of Application", also not relating to modern scientism, then is the continuing of "Song Doctrine".The second half of this paper is mainly about how Yu Yingshi constructed the new Song Doctrine through the modern interpretation of the Song Doctrine and also points out his inheritance from Chen Yinke and Qian Mu's theories. Yu Yingshi's interpretation also includes five aspects: the historic significance of fusing Buddhism to Confucianism, the Confucianism ideal of "inward moral concepts and outwardachievement", the scholar spirit——"taking the duty to serve the world", the Confucianmethods of classical interpretation, the central argument between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan. Correspondingly, Mr. Yu's theories of "New Song Doctrine", which is based on his modern interpretation of the Song Doctrine, are also made up of five connotations: the fusion of Chinese and western culture, the reintegration of Chinese culture, the social responsibilities of scholars, the combination of demonstrative and interpretative academic research methods, the intrinsic principle of academic ideas. The construction of "New Song Doctrine" by Yu Yingshi, is the important power and the modern model for the further promotion of the Chinese humanities scholar' scholars'research.