The Hedong School Dynasty

Hedong Region has a long history and a profound culture. The culture of Hedong takes an special role in Confucianism, and our civilizational ancestors such as Yao,Sun and Yu have left their footprints in this region. It can be said that the Confucian culture derives its origin from here, and the forerunner, Confucius, owes a lot to them in"Zhong Yong". In the evolutionary course of the Confucian Taotong, the"Hefen Taotong", between Han Yu,and Zhu Xi, has developed Confuicanism in the northern part of China, and has even become a main line of its development.Wang Tong and Liu Zhongyuan, the two Confucian thinkers in Sui and Tang dynasties, has paid special contributions to Confucianism. The fusion of Confucianism, Taoist and Buddhism, one thought of Wan Tong, represents a right direction for the development of ancient philosophies. And two of his thoughts, Ferreting out Li and Xing, Yi and Li, become furiously disputed and core of the later confucianism. Basing on"Da Yumo", Wang Tong puts forward the contrary of Mind and Tao, and Zhizhong , which serves a much-disputed issue. What's more, Wang puts forward such distinct and contrary catetories as Tao and desire, Yi and Li, De and Gong, which later dominate Confucianism in Hefen region and even Confucianism in the whole country. Basing on Qi Ontology, Liu Zhongyuan further brings forward the Harmonization of Confucianism and Buddhism, pushing forward the blending of the three schools. Zhong Tao brought forword by Wang Tong and Da Zhong by Liu Zhongyuan, respectively add brandnew contents to the Confucian idea of Zhong He. Generally speaking, the two thinkers are the two academic forerunners of the Hedong Region School.In Ming dynasty, the Hedong Region School commanded by Xue Xuan and his disciples had great influence in the northern Confucianism. Xue Xuan, neither conservative nor radical, devotes himself to Confucianism through critically reconstructing the Li School and the Xing School. By criticizing the dualism of Zhu Xi and its inherent contradiction, Xue suggests that Li is neither before nor after Qi and there are no Li without Qi and no Qi without Li.In terms of Xin and Xing, Xue pays great attention to the operation and reshaping of Xin and Jing. Basing on personal practice, Xin and Xing, in his opinion, should prefers culturing the mind, and merges the mind and Tao into Qi. This way of discussing Xin and Xing through Li and Qi bring out the materialization of Xin and Xing, which is similar to the materialistic idea of the recovery of Xing. Xue is also an advocate who argues for pragmaticism and utiliarianism, and his thoughts have left profound effect on the coming thinkers.After Xue Xuan, Luo Qinshun, Wang Tingxiang, Nv Ran and Gao Panlong in Ming dynasty, Gu Yanwu and Wang Fuzhi in Qing dynasty advocate strongly the...