A Study Of Yuan Zaju's Criticism--Archaic Part

This dissertation includes two parts :The first one is carding the history of Yuan Zaju's criticism . The secongd is to analyse feature of Yuan Zaju's criticism , Which including the main body, the concept, the way of the Yuan Zaju's criticism . But we discuss the main body, the concept of the Yuan Zaju's criticism mostly .This dissertation includes these contents particularly .The first part: the history of the Yuan Zaju's criticism .The history include two phase : the one that Yuan Zaju prevailed and that Chuan Qi prevailed.The one that Yuan Zaju prevailed: Yuan Zaju began to prosper in the prophase, so people neglected the new lease of life . Yuan Zaju's criticism was born from "hackneyed skills" but wasnot discent from them . Hu Zhishan's criticism and Zhou Deqing's was most representative . Yuan Zaju's action began to decline ,but the concept and object of the criticism became clearly . ,was most representative .That Chuan Qi prevailed : Yuan Zaju's criticism run into the time of transition in the metaphase of the Ming Dynasty . Most criticizer herited concept of the last time .Yuan Zaju take the main position of the criticism ,and the question of the difference between the Nan Qu and Bei Qu wan found. Wang Shi Xin Xue impressed on the criticism . The concept of the literature wan strenghtened . The antilogy wan back in the medium-term of the Qing Dynasty ,so it's degree and value declined in the criticism . Criticism was coming into the end .The second part: main body of the Yuan Zaju's criticism .The Literator is the maturest one of them . literature take the most important place in the concept . In the prophase of the time that Yuan Zaju prevailed ,Northern literator take the lead in the criticism ,and their criticism was full of the sense of Babbit . Southern literator take the lead in the anaphase . their criticism became unsophisticated . The trait of theory and tradion was strenghened . Literator pay their attention to woks, players, author headstream of the Yuan Zaju ,and their theory was basede on the reality of the stage . Literator's status was improved in the period that Chuanqi prevailed, so southern literator become the absolutely leader of the criticism . The substance of the Yuan Zaju being clearly showed the practical achievement of the criticism of the period.The reigning class's criticism included two parts : political criticism andpersonal criticism . The first one aimd at keeping politics steady and was embodied in policy and management of the goverment. But the latter came frome the noblemen's real feeling and was embodied in their enjoying and intercourse with players . The populace' s criticism was full of babbitt temperament and religious conception . their criticism was for amusement and feast. They neglect the trait of Yuan Zaju's system ,so their concept of Yuan Zaju wan very dim .The third part :the concept of criticism .The first one is cincept of drama . the concept was born from "joke" and approached "drama" in the period that Yuan Zaju prevaild . The concept of "Yuan Zaju" was used extensively and more clearly . The reality of drama was affirmd when Chuan Qi prevaild . the criticism of drama was spread in exploring headstream and analyzing works of Yuan Zaju .The second one was the concept of song . Yuan Zaju was entangled with normal "sing" and stood on the brim of the criticism in the prophase that Yuan Zaju prevaild . But Yuan Zaju come to itself when Chuan Qi prewaild ,Yuan Zaju become the kernel of the criticism . The all the song, which included poem, Nanqu and Beiqu , were the object of the criticism .Because of the relation between the Yuan Zaju and others ,Yuan Zaju was looked as one of the normal song . With the rise of the Chuan Qi ,Yuan Zaju wasn't the kernei of the criticism but the frame of reference for the Chuanqi. And criyicism aimd at rebuild Northq, build system of Nanqu's criticism, contrast Nanqu and Beiqu .