A Study On BAGU Critique In The Ming Dynasty

BAGU critique includes two parts: BAGU evaluation and BAGU theory. As there has not been systemic and specialized research in this field, this paper chooses to investigate the development clue of BAGU critique and sources of the pure theories and scattered theories, expound principal category of BAGU theory and research the social chances of BAGU critique's generation, the utilitarianness and the influence on scholar-bureaucrats' mood, drawing conclusions from investigation, appreciation and arrangement of the foundational literature. Then I meditate, when the scholar-bureaucrats were selected by BAGU in the Ming Dynasty, the distance between Confucianism and the talents who said something substituting for sages. Finally, from investigating the BAGU critique's influences on the evaluation of fictions, poems and essays, I try to construct a more perfect theoretic system of BAGU criticism, through which exploring its literary and unliterary meaning and disclosing BAGU critique's status in the culture of the Ming Dynasty and in the ancient literary theoretic system of China. By doing that, I think, this may contribute to pointing out the national feature and outstanding tradition of Chinese ancient literary theoretic system. Based on this, the paper includes six chapters, preface and epilogue. Contents are below:The preface briefly discusses the meaning, routes and methodology of the study.The first chapter, the origin of BAGU critique in the Ming Dynasty, discerns from two sides of far sources and matrixes the point at which BAGU criticism, such as BAGU evaluation, the pure BAGU theory and scattered BAGU theory etc, comes into existence by exploring its external formation and internal critical interest.The second, the cultural environment of BAGU critique in the Ming Dynasty, analyzes from different angles the cultural situation of BAGU critique's emerging in the Ming Dynasty and the positive or passive influence on the scholar-bureaucrats' ethos in its process from bud to flourish.From the third to the fifth, I argues that the development of BAGU critique in the Ming Dynasty can, by its flourish and decadence clue, be divided into three successive phases according to two factors which are the BAGU critique's progresslaws themselves and the political disturbance. They are gestation, flourish and epilogue. The first period is from HONGWU (洪武) to JIAJING(嘉靖) , the second is from LONGQING(隆庆) to WANLI(万历) and the last is from TIANQI(天启) to CHUNZHEN(崇祯). The anatomy of the representatives shows its born styles and characteristics of BAGU critique in every period. Meanwhile, the major categories, such as SHEN(神), QING (情) , etc, which were formed in the Ming Dynasty, are explained through hackling BAGU theory of Wu Zhiwang, Dong Qichang, Wang Heng, etc. In order to point out how BUGU theory contributes to the literary theoretic system of ancient China, I compare these categories with poem and prose theories, too.The sixth, the influence of BAGU critique in the Ming Dynasty upon other styles' comments, shows that BAGU critique in the Ming Dynasty had great effect on the comments of novels, stages, poems and prose through different levels of appreciation notion and development of special notion, from which we can recognize the important status of BAGU critique in whole ancient Chinese literary theoretic system.The conclusion indicates that since the development of BAGU critique was strongly affected by the educational policy of the Ming Dynasty, other literary styles, which bad been as examination forms in the past, should face the question of how to be researched now. The following question is how to divide, describe and investigate the whole literary history of China.