The Study Of The Shang Feng Fang Country And Its System

AbstractThe epoch of Shang Dynasty belongs to a unitary early state in ancient history of China.In the stage,a11 kinds of political system had aIready been rough1y in shape.Was there the systemof enfeoffment in the time of Shang Dynasty? and the conerete conditions of it? How thegeogiaPhicaI distribution of the FeudaI and Fang states was?as well as the political territory? ThePHD thesis are iniended tO settle these issue.Relying on oracle-bone inscriptions,records in ancient texts and archaeologicalevidences,We have discovered by studying that a series of system of enf9offmnt wasgradually taking shaPe in late Shang Dynasty A lot of homosumame andheterosumame lords had been enfeoffed by Lifting books. Establishing and buildingcities, and many Fang states tumed into feudal states as a result of army forcesfoghtening. The rank of nobility ofmang lords as follows:marquis. earl. viscount.baron. ren' dian. ya' fu .and one of them,ya was an officia1 in royal court,not anyobvious differncese among the rank of nobility. To meet the system of enfeodrient,it had developed a system of govenunellt of executive regionalization in suburbs ofthe caPital and the feudal states iSurmunding the Da Yi Shang,there were Dan andcouniry side. In further,the countryside was called Bi or Dian in oracle-boneinscriptions and the frontier region of it was nemed Ge, Yi was the basic union in allKinds of the execUtive regionalizations. Following the exaxnp1e of Shang Dynasty, thefeuda1 states had devloped the same union.There were many unities in relationship between the Shang royalcourt andfeudal. Fang statOs. Showing they were officials by acting as an official. having anaudience with a sovereign. Sending troops to save the throne. paying tributes. offeringsacrifices to gods or ancestors by aidding the kings. holding a memorial ceremony forsame gods and ancestors.Futhermore, the feudal and Fang States had so many troops and incomes theywere both indePendent and selfdeterminative, Fang states showed an obiviouscharacteristic by comparng the feudal states. The study showed that the diviners werenot an officials of writing history, they were the officials in gOveriunent from leadersof the feudal and Fang states.-It had also developed a system of having an audience with sovereigns. taking anoath and supervising between the kingdom and feudal .Fang states .The "Ping","Lai". "Zhi", "He". "Hui" and "Meng" in oracle-bone inscriptions Stated clearly theaPPearance of coming to court from lords. visiting a state as an envoy' meeting ofsovereigns regularly and taking a mass pledge before the war .The king in ShangDynasty had formed an officials of "Jian",tending to supervising the offerringsacrifice to gOds and ancestors Whn king weni on an inspection tour. Morevef, torule the local army forces,the king had established officials of "Shi". "Shi from SiFang"which led SiFang. am bassador sended temporarily, and furthermore, the kingoften "Sheng" feudal states and "Xun" Fang states,leading to further perfect theancient system of potroling existed earlier.In brief, it had developed a system of enfeoffment in Shang Dynasty, thus rulersdrew political lessons frOm it in Westem Chou Dynsty so we hold that the typicalsystem of enfeoffment in that times had further perfected it in Shang Dynasty.In thefields of historical geograPhy of feudal and Fang states .It's reported that there were' 285 feudal states and 85 Fang states in tha times, thus adding uP to 370 Staes at least.Located chiefly in Si Fang' Si Tu and frOntier of the suburbs of caPital,these statCshad three characteristics in distfibution as fOllows:First of a1l,these statCs werecharacterized by scattering piecely concentrated,that is tO say,many feudal and Fangstates located in northWestem and southastem area. Secondly, feudal states locatCdinner of Fang states,especially in northwestem.Outside of the suburbs of the capitalwere scattered over Gong Fang.