Xinjiang Unearthed Kharosthi Trafficking Instruments And Related Issues

Kharosthi documents unearthed in southern Xinjiang can be divided into two categories, one was reflected the community's daily life that were official documents, contracts and public or private exchange's letters and so on in Shanshan (include a small amount of Yutian). The other was a kind of coin named Hanqu. These documents provided first-hand information of living condition for the studying of ancient Tarim Basin. The Paper is the first systematic collation and research for the population buying and selling documents of Kharosthi documents, aiming to sorting and studying on the basis of the population buying and selling documents further explore the slavery issue and social status in the southern of Xinjiang region on3-5th century.This paper is divided into eight parts.The introduction including of the research value, research situation, aim of the writing and the problem will be solved in the population buying and selling documents of Kharosthi documents.The first part is to analysis the population buying and selling documents. There were more than seven hundred documents in Xinjiang unearthed, those of them related to the population buying and selling documents are fifteen and it all belong to Shanshan country. It can be divided into two categories, one type is belonging to the contract of the population buying and selling documents; the other type is belonging to non-contract documents but involving the trading activities of population traded instruments. In this section, the author introduces and combs these documents.The second part discusses the population buying and selling documents of Kharosthi documents。In this section, firstly the paper studies the pact type. It discusses the basic content of pact type structure and similarities and differences of pact type structure, and reveals the changes in the structure of pact type. Secondly discusses the language of the population buying and selling documents of Kharosthi documents. It is discussed about the years language, business matters narrative sentence language, signing conditions and signing ceremony language, the buyer's rights language, breach and punishment language and so on. The author think the style of the pact type has formed in this period and related formula are basically formed, but the content of deed type is not complete, the pact type contained in the position of each content has not yet designed finally.The third part deals with the legitimacy problem of the population buying and selling documents. In this section, the buyer's interest and statements, the witnesses, signature and seal, breach and punishment, the law of national protect with the population buying and selling has been study. This shows that the activities of population buying and selling are legitimate in the society at that time.The fourth part discusses the buyer of the population buying and selling of Kharosthi documents. By exploring, the author found that the crowd who engaged in the population buying and selling in the southern Xinjiang region not only was public office, but also the people with a certain property, even some of them are monks at temple. They shared a certain amount of social wealth, possessed of a certain number of populations, and some of them also occupy a certain amount of land. They are almost belonging to the middle and upper classes of the local community at that time in local.The fifth part discusses the person who to be sold. In this part describes the basic situation of the person who to be sold, explores the price and the source of the person to be sold. At that time, the price of person was more diverse physical types and physical types are varied, of course there are also have with the money to pay the phenomenon. The source of the people who were sold come from famine, fleeing, prisoners of war, the population be sold and the slaves of the master. After discussing the source of the population be sold, the author define to the "slave" in the Kharosthi documents:The crowd called the "slave" by T-Barrow and translated as "slave" by Wang Guangzhi and called "Servant" by Lin Meicun. After careful consideration, the author use the word with "slave".The sixth part discusses the living conditions of the slaves. This section explores the issue of the slaves on the basis of Chapter V. The slaves in the Southern Xinjiang in the3-5th century and the slave in the traditional sense have a certain difference. Although the slaves have to work in the filed and sale land for their master, they have some problems with the social. The paper reveals some important social phenomenon, such as some slaves not only occupy a certain amount of land but also have the rights to adopting children, and the related documents also reflects the slave could redeem by himself.The seventh part discusses the nature of the social in southern Xinjiang in3-5th century. After analyzing two documents of slaves who detach the owners, the author think that there are some differences on system between the southern and the eastern Xinjiang in3-5th century. The system of land has certain features in the southern Xinjiang. The land can be traded and the area is not large. The seeding rate is generally above1Mi Lima, but not all of the land can be sold, some land to pay the tax of land while others do not need to pay and more variety of crops. From the study of slaves, the private land and exchange medium, the author thinks that this region to enter into feudal society but also preserves the remnant slavery.