Multi-cultures Identity In Translingual Literatural Practice

The research object of this dissertation is modern famous English periodicals The China Critic (1928-1946) and T'ien Hsia Monthly (1935-1941), which published and edited by Chinese intellectuals during The Republic of china era. Relying on the theories and approaches of historical research, comparative literature,translation and sociology study, This dissertation has studied the commons and differences between The China Critic and T'ien Hsia Monthly, existing in their backgrounds, contexts, editors and writers. The China Critic was established in 1928 in Shanghai, edited by teachers and students from Tsinghua University, who were returned students from Europe and America. It depended on the government subsidization and the advertizing revenue, which early run individually by the editors and influenced by the government latterly. Its content mainly focused on current events and politic comments, as well as concerning literature and culture criticism. T'ien Hsia Monthly was published in 1935 in Shanghai, with the auspices of the Sun Yat-sen Institute for the Advancement of culture and Education. Its editors mostly come from The China Critic, who persued an independent editing idea. Its contents mainly focused on literature and culture research, simultaneously also paying attention to the Current events and politic comments. Relying on well-developed publishing industry,foreign and Chinese intellectuals groups in Shanghai, These two famous English periodicals advocated the idea of cultural interchange, promoted Chinese literature and culture disseminates outward.Modern chinese intellectuals represented by Lin Yutang, John C.H.Wu, Wen Yuan-ning,Yao shen-nong,tried to build cultural communication platform and to seek multi-culture identity of west modern and national culture,by publishing The China Critic and T'ien Hsia Monthly.This dissertation mainly researchs modern chinese intellectuals various Translingual Literatural Practices basing on The China Critic and T'ien Hsia Monthly. The English essays, written by Lin Yu-tang, Wen Yuan-ning, Quan Zeng-gu and John C.H.Wu, published on the column of "The Little Critic" and "Imperfect Understanding", has enriched modern Chinese intellectuals literary composition, which has become the beneficial complement to Chinese modern literature. Relying on the column of "Translations", "Special Articles" and "Book Review", the editors and authors had carried on the comprehensive translations and criticism about Chinese literature, promoted it spreading quickly in the English-speaking world,which enbodied strong national cultural identity trend. On the one hand, modern chinese intellectuals had translated chinese modernism literature to found self cultural identity. With political conflict intensifing and national crisis aggravating, they had translated modern literature reflecting lefh-wing politics and national war of resistancing Japan, and tried to seek political and national identity by literature translation. On the other hand, modern chinese intellectuals had paid much attention to traditional culture. The editors and authors of The China Critic and T'ien Hsia Monthly had translated much traditional lterature works such as Shih Ching, poems of Tang and Song, also had written many research papers about Chinese traditional culture. They tried to seek traditional culture identity through translations and culture research. Basing on traditional culture identity, modern chinese intellectuals also tried to promote chinese culture development by explaining traditional culture in modern methods.Being as the English periodicals edited and published by modern Chinese intellectuals, The China Critic and T'ien Hsia Monthly possess great value and significance in modern Chinese literature and culture history. They had provided an effective media for modern Chinese intellectuals to seek multi-cultures Identity, as well as for Chinese modern writers to publish many English compositions, and promoted Chinese literature and culture disseminates outward. At the same time, they had provided international cultural communication platform, which pushed the culture communication between china and the west in 1920s-30s to develop deeply. The literary and cultural practices conducted by the editors and writers will powerfully expand modern Chinese literature and media research field, and deepen modern Chinese intellectuals'thoughts research.There are three appendices after this dissertation, offering the directories of the English writings of Chinese modern writers, publishing on The China Critic and T'ien Hsia Monthly. The first two are the English writings directories of Lin Yu-tang, Q'ien Zhong-shu, Wen Yuan-ning and Yao shen-nong on The China Critic. The third one is the whole directories of T'ien Hsia Monthly.