Studies On Anti-atherosclerotic Effects And Mechanisms Of Traditional Kazakh Fermented Cheesewhey

Object: To study the effects and mechanisms of the traditional fermented cheese whey (TFCW) , a kind of the traditional Kazakh medicine, At first, to determine the main nutritional contents of TFCW ingredients according to national standards of P.R China, then to establish three different experimental atherosclerotic models in rats and rabbits, to determine the anti-atherosclerotic of TFCW. Methods: 120 rats were administrated with intragastric high-fat diet and injection of high-dose of vitamin D3, 55 male New Zealand white rabbits were fed with a normal diet or a high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks to induce injury of endothelial cells and atherosclerotic formation, then animals were treated with 25, 50 and 100 mg·Kg-1 TFCW, and 20mg·Kg-1 simvastatin or placebo for 4 weeks. Then plasma lipids, hepatic lipids, and serum C-reaction protein (CRP) , endothelin (ET) , TXB2, TNF-α, IL-8 and the serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) , vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were determined, and the expression of VCAM-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry. The aorta and coronary were determined by computerized image analysis. Also, using 3 different animals model-an acute inflammatory reaction model employing as carrageenan inflammagen to induce mouse foot edema and swelling, a chronic inflammatory reaction model placing cottons into axillal cavity of rats to induce granuloma and an acute inflammatory model injecting carrageenan into back air-pouch of rats to induce synovitis were set up to test anti-inflammatory activity of TFCW. Then determined the amount of efflusion, WBC (white blood cell) count, and CRP, MDA content of blood serum. Results: In TFCW, total protein content is 1.72%, ash content is 1.16%and moisture content is 88.9%. Among the 18 kinds of amino acids, nine essential amino acids (including infant's essential histidine) contents share 0.308%, accounting for about 40.33%. Serine content is the highest content (0.47g/100g) in all amino acids. Saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid, stearic acid) content is 38.7%, while unsaturated fatty acid content is 61.3%, among which monounsaturated fatty acid content is as high as 46.0%, and polyunsaturated fatty acid content is 15.3%. Lactose content is 5.58%. In minerals, potassium, calcium and magnesium, respectively are 246.3 mg/100g, 200.2 mg/100g and 18.7mg/100g; in vitamins, vitamin B2 and C content respectively are 0.23 g/100g and 0.30 g/100g. Rabbits and rats fed with cholesterol-rich diet showed higher serum lipid levels compared with the atherosclerotic control. Serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride in plasma decreased compared with those of the model group. L area of lipid deposition on the intimae surface of the aorta and coronary arteries was reduced and the ultrastructulia injuries of endothelial cells were milder in dosage groups. The IL-8, ET, TNF-αand CRP in serum were dose-dependently decreased in the TFCW groups. TFCW groups also showed significant inhibitions of inflammatory activities compared with models, and could reduce the amount of efflusion, decrease WBC count, and CRP, MDA content of blood serum. The mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of TFCW are related to reducing of inflammatory mediator and CRP, MDA contents. In decreasing the levels of inflammatory factors, the action of 25mg·Kg-1 TFWC is more powerful than the positive control group. TFCW decreased the levels of VCAM-1,ICAM-1and CRP. Conclusion: TFCW has anti-atherosclerotic effect, material constituents: total protein content is 1.72%. Among the 18 kinds of amino acids, nine essential amino acids (including infants essential histidine) contents share 0.308%, accounting for about 40.33%, Serine content is the highest content, higher constants of unsaturated fatty acid content, potassium, calcium and magnesium, the effect of anti-inflammatory action and anti-oxidation to experimental rabbits and rats, and it is suggested TFCW exert the significant effects of anti-atherosclerosis, TFCW decreasing the level of CRP, increasing the level of HDL in serum and intensifying mutual effect with SR-BI receptor are the main factor for anti-atherosclerosis effect.