| Polygala, a traditional Chinese medicinal herd, has been commonly used for a long medicinal history. The large-scale cultivation and processing of Polygala should be the development direction of Chinese herbal medicines in the future. This study focuses on the extraction technology for the active ingredient of Polygala, the effect of temperature in drying and concocting process on the chemical ingredients of Polygala. The research conclusions have the important theoretical significance and application value to improving the utilization of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients and reducing the effects of drying and concocting process of Polygala on active ingredients.The experimental samples are collected from Shan Xi, Shann Xi, He Bei, Inner Mongolia, Si Chuan and Gan Su regions in China, especially for the sample from Shan Xi province. The modern extraction technology of volatile oil and Polygala tenuifolia total saponins has been systematically researched and the features of these extraction technology were summarized. The structure features and anti-oxidation activity of Polygala tenuifolia polysaccharide and the effect of Polygala tenuifolia drying process on the lipid dissolved and alcohol dissolved components were also researched. Based on Chinese medicine processing reaction's features, the pyrolysis properties of crude radix polygalae, its lipid solubility and alcohol-soluble constituents by thermogravimetric method in simulation air atmosphere conditions. The following main conclusions have been drawn:①CO2supercritical method has high extraction yield of volatile oil from radix polygalae, which can primely avoid the impact of distillation by steam on effective compositions. The results from GC/MS analysis show that the volatile oil from radix Polygalae has multiple active constituents, such as Alpha-ether, methyl eugenol, Palmitic acid of asarum. Alpha-ether, the antidepressant activity composition of as arum, from CO2supercritical extraction strongly proves the antidepressant components of Polygala.The content of lipid-soluble components in Polygala can reach to24%, in which the content of Octadec-9-enoic acid is81.4%and the content of active component of Palmitic acid is7.34%. This conclusion provides a material basis for expanding new uses of Polygala tenuifolia Willd..②The extraction rate of Saponins from Polygala using traditional ethanol reflux by Soxhlet extraction1h in the65%ethanol solvent is1.11%. In the same ethanol solvent, extraction rate of total saponins of Polygala by microwave-enzyme under the conditions of the solid-liquid ratio of1:25, microwave power of255W and radiation time of8min is1.98%. The use of ultrasonic technique can make the extraction rate of total saponins of Polygala enhance to2.17%under the ultrasonic time of20min. Ultrasonic microwave-emzyme modern extraction can decrease the use level of organic solvents, which provides a new thought for the production of Polygala's extracts.③Polysaccharides from Polygala can significantly improve the organ coefficients and present a remarkable anti-aging and antioxidant effects in aging mice. The content of polysaccharides calculated according to glucose from Shanxi Polygala is above50%. The polysaccharides from Polygala presents the features of carbohydrate infrared absorption peak in the range of500-4000cm-1. The lack of ultraviolet absorption peak feature at260and280nm shows that the protein and nucleic acid-containing substances is not included in the polysaccharides from Polygala. During the rapid pyrolysis, the presence of multiple peaks show that the polysaccharide from Polygala is decomposed step by step.④The similarity of the composition of Polygala's volatile oil from different habitats is more than0.90. The infrared characterization results of Polygala from different habitats shows that there are six common peaks in the position of2926.1cm-1,2856.7cm-1,1710.8cm-1,1647.8cm-1,1517.7cm-1and1458.7cm-1. The dual-index sequence analysis suggests that there are a significant differences for the different origins'Polygala.Shanxi Polygala after drying at50℃,70℃,90℃, the volatile oil components from supercritical fluid extraction occur some changes. Their infrared spectrum indicates that the relative strength of common peak is greatly affected by temperature. The strength value of methyl, and methylene vibration peak (2926cm-1and2857cm-1) is always greater than carbonyl absorption peak (1742cm-1), which shows that the drying temperature has a evident effect on chemical components. Polygala's drying is not only the loss of water, but also the evolution of volatile's grease. The maximum loss temperature and the weight loss rate during the drying of six Polygala samples are different, the peak temperature in drying phase ranges from119℃to135℃and the maximum decomposition temperature of alcohol-soluble extract is90℃.Dynamic study of constant temperature drying of Polygala from different origins at50℃,70℃and90℃shows that this drying process is suited to the Page model.⑤In the simulative air atmosphere, the liposoluble constituents and alcohol-soluble extract of six Polygala from different habitats have been analyzed by the thermogravimetric technique. Liposoluble constituent of Polygala mainly is fatty acid and its initial decomposition temperature is200℃. The pyrolysis process can be divided into four stages and its lipid-soluble volatiles are released and combusted in the second and third stages. The initial evoluted temperature of alcohol-soluble extracts of Polygala is90℃and the sapogenin start to decompose at235℃.Maximum emission temperature of volatiles from Polygala is near the temperature of200℃. The volatility characteristic index (r) of Polygala is: r can be used to determine the impact of the processing process on chemical constituents of Polygala, which provides a quantitative indicators to analyze the heating process of processing Chinese medicine.Heating rate is one of the important factors influencing the pyrolysis process of Polygala and it has a relation to the pyrolysis reaction mechanisms and processes. Based on the process of preparing Chinese medicine in the temperature range of120℃-270℃, the dynamics analysis shows that it meets the level model and its activation energy is22.78kJ/mol.
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