| Since the industrial revolution, productivity development is swift and violent, put the city's development from a natural slow evolution into a rapid and efficient urbanization process. Especially since twentieth century, the revolution of science and technology drives the world economy tot an unprecedented scale and speed of development, make the city's wealth, population and area into a rapid expansion, so that the urbanization process sweeps across the whole world. On the one hand, urbanization provides a solid material foundation for people, has opened up a new possibility of survival; on the other hand, has also brought out many problems and crisis for the survival of the human environment and way of life, such as environment pollution, resource depletion, population expansion and traffic congestion. While China as a modern developed country, modernization and industrialization pace to some extent is behind the developed countries in the west. When western countries have been summed up the historical experience and lessons of urbanization process contemporary China, but is undergoing the influence and test. In the fact, for hundreds of years the poor and backward China, urbanization fully liberated social productivity, is tremendous historical progress in China's social development. But at the same time, urbanization's rapid development also makes China paid the price of pain and confusion. And since China is a country with a large population, and was taken by the extensive economic growth mode in a fairly long period of time,so that compared to the western countries,it will face more complex and difficult problems in rapid urbanization, and these problems have been in the city stand, which becomes stronger and stronger. Many current Chinese city suffered serious" urban diseases", the most intuitive performance is urban landscape, which is the material form appearance of the city space environment. The urban landscape has great changes--natural absence in urban landscape, the split of the historical context in urban landscape, urban landscape facing culture crisis. These problems and crisis cause Our strong introspection and Reflection:What is the essence of city? How the city can give us comfort, happiness and wonderful life? Can we enjoy superior prosperous material conditions in the city, and at the same time realize the " dwelling poetically"?Given the reflection of above questions, this research targets the aesthetic issues of urban landscape, which includes physical-form landscape type and humanistic-spirit landscape type, as the main research question. Three philosophical topics are selected to be studied and explored, namely "nature and urban landscape","history and urban landscape" and "culture and urban landscape". These three topics form a systematic entity in an organic way. In current research situation, aesthetics in landscape is a research topic in applied science. Thus, it is ignored by traditional critical aesthetics which belongs to the philosophy study. Moreover, theories are usually the conclusions of the practices and this makes them lags behind the reality. The urgent needs for the aesthetic study of urban landscape can only emerge when china's urbanization process has accumulated lots of problems to a danger degree. Therefore, this causes the topic I choose not so salient in current aesthetic studies. Furthermore, the challenges and problems in the rapid urbanization process in China force people to reflect on the transformation of city development mode. The current pursuit of building economy-focused city with material prosperity has to give way for building the aesthetical city centered on culture and arts. Hence, this also reflects the importance of the urban landscape aesthetical study. The research on urban landscape aesthetics can fill the gap in present aesthetical theories and bring innovative insights to this research field. Meanwhile, the reflection of urban landscape aesthetics in the background of Chinese rapid urbanization process provides a tailored guidance for Chinese urban landscape construction. It can not only provide theoretical contribution in aesthetics and philosophy, but also give valuable enlightening suggestions for those Chinese cities facing actual development predicament and challenges.This paper will serve the urban landscape of China urbanization process as the object of study, and analyzes the aesthetic value of current urban landscape, face up to the aesthetic problems of landscape construction in the presence. Furthermore, it discusses how to build the urban landscape in the current rapid urbanization process, which has a rich and profound cultural connotation and aesthetic value. On the basis of the above, it combines the specific geographic conditions and economic development level of Chinese different region, in order to shape the character and feature of urban landscape. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is introduction, the second chapter discusses nature and the urban landscape, the third chapter discusses history and the urban landscape, the fourth chapter discusses culture and the urban landscape, the final part is the conclusion.Chapter one:introduction. First of all, it puts forward the the motivation of this research, as well as the theoretical value and actual value. Secondly, according to the analysis of research present situation of urban landscape aesthetics, it pointed out the deficiencies and the interpretation space of current research. Then it gives the explanation and definition of core concepts such as: landscape, urban landscape,and landscape aesthetics. Finally, it puts forward the research method, and introduces the basic research contents.Chapter two:nature and urban landscape. First of all, it puts forward the " harmony between man and nature" is the ideal theoretical basis of urban landscape aesthetics. On the one hand, nature and culture is coexisted in the human nature, so that the pursuit of harmony between man and nature is the essence of human nature and desire; On the other hand, because of the value orientation of Chinese and western natural aesthetics value. The Chinese traditional natural aesthetics is based on "harmony" philosophy, has always been the pursuit of harmony between man and nature relationship; while western suffer the ecological crisis, it developed the modern existentialism of natural aesthetic view and environmental aesthetics, and "ecological harmony" is the basic connotation. Then it analyzes the present situation of natural beauty missing in contemporary Chinese urban landscape. It mainly summed up in four aspects:firstly, urban construction wantonly Embezzle and reform the primary nature; secondly, the city lost the geographical characteristics of natural landscape; thirdly, nature is reduced to a vassal of city; fourthly, nature losses the authenticity. Furthermore, trace back to the Ideological roots behind behavior,that is the changes of aesthetic idea on the nature. According to the longitudinal study of aesthetic idea on the nature in three periods---ancient society, agricultural society and industrial society, it pointed out the important effects, which is related to the aesthetic attitude of urban landscape to natural ecology. Finally, it proposed the solution to the problems and some recommendations. For example, according to retaining the wilderness in the city, reinventing nature in the city, maintaining the original natural landscape and protecting the natural ecological integrity, all of these specific pathways are in order to restore the natural beauty of the city.Chapter three:history and urban landscape. Firstly, the historical development of western urban landscape aesthetic ideas is investigated vertically. The characteristics of traditional urban landscape is also sorted out and concluded. Thus, the aesthetic spirit of urban landscape embedded within the historical context is revealed. Then, the current fracture of urban landscape with its Chinese traditional landscape historical and cultural connection is caused by rapid urbanization process. It mainly takes the form of destruction of historical sites, the improper transformation of the old city, the replacement of historical relics with artificial buildings, wide spread of western urban landscape and so on. The reasons behind these phenomena are also explored in this research. This is highly relevant with these factors:the life style change resulted from urbanization process, aesthetic idea change and aesthetic fashion change, urban cultural orientation change and so on. In the end, the researcher proposes the solution:to retain the memory of the city, to active the unification of history and modern sense, to promote the historical values of urban landscape, and to inherit and maintain the historical and cultural traditions and heritages.Chapter four:culture and urban landscape. Firstly, from the traditional culture, regional culture, cultural diversity three perspectives on urban landscape effects were explained, and the paper pointed out the importance of culture in shaping the urban landscape esthetic characteristics. Secondly, it selected a few typical of the urban cultural landscape to reveal the cultural identity crisis which contemporary Chinese urban landscape is facing, mainly has:" thousands of the city side" phenomenon, commercialization of traditional festival, folk art is close to hopeless situation and increasingly desalt of local customs. They cause the convergence of cultural feature in city, the lower of the cultural quality, cultural memory loss and the weakened of cultural characteristics. Finally, it proposes the solution and suggestion. We can overcome" thousands of the city side" through the explicit cultural orientation, revive culture spirit of traditional festival, protect and inherit the folk art and culture, respect and protect local customs and so on. All of these measures are in order to reshape the cultural character of urban landscape, and excavate the cultural heritage of urban landscape.The conclusion makes a summary. It pointed out that through the discussion of the" natural and urban landscape","history and urban landscape","culture and urban landscape",which are three representative urban landscape aesthetic problems, and also the most prominent problems in the realistic context of China urbanization process, it can not only provide theoretical contribution in aesthetics and philosophy, but also give valuable enlightening suggestions for those Chinese cities facing actual development predicament and challenges.Because of these properties of this paper, it needs comprehensive study on the multivariate horizons. Except for the theory of philosophy and aesthetics, it also needs ecology, urban planning, aesthetic psychology, human geography, architecture, landscape science theory of knowledge. In the content of the study, it insisted on the academic vision combined with the historical investigation and logic analysis. It connected the urban landscape construction and aesthetic theory, excavated the aesthetic awareness and deep cultural philosophy spirit of urban landscape, and carry on the corresponding aesthetics analysis and critique. In addition, on urban landscape aesthetic, except for the analysis and sorting out of the massive literature, it also needs to carry out targeted practical investigation, including field visits of many representative cities, to obtain a large number of landscape literature and picture information, and collect some data and so on. Therefore, the combination of the literature analysis and the actual survey is also a characteristic of this study. |
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