Liquid Control For Low-dimensional Inorganic Nanomaterials Synthesis And Characterization

Based on the investigation of a great of related literature, the author has made a brief review concerning the structure, properties, applications, synthetic methods and expectation of nanocrystalline materials. The aim of this work is focused on developing the synthesis of low-dimensional nanomaterials via solution-based chemical methods By many controllable and facile hydrothermal or solvothermal routes, we had synthesized large-scale low-dimensional functional nanosructures, such as transition metal vanadates (β-AgVO₃ nanorod, β-AgVO₃ nanowires and nanobelts, β-Ag_0.33V₂O₅ nanowires, MnV₂O₆ nanoflakes and nanobelts), metal oxides ( e.g. α-MnO₂ nanowires and bifurcate nanorods, quasi-two-dimensional Mn₃O₄ nanoframes and hollow octahedra). Besides, IIIA-VIA group chalcogenides In₂S₃ nanocrystallites had been synthesized (cubic and tetragonal In₂S₃ hollow microspheres consisted of nanoflakes, cubic β-In₂S₃ hollow nanospheres), respectively. Furthermore, the formation mechanisms of these low-dimensional nanostructures had also been investigated and discussed on the base of the crystal structure and reaction parameter. The major contents of this dissertation are epitomized as follows:1. A room temperature solution-phase method has been developed to fabricate β-AgVO₃ nanorods on a large scale under ambient atmosphere through the chemical reaction between NH₄VO₃ and AgNO₃. In the absence of organic compound or surfactant, the as-prepared products are β-AgVO₃ nanorods with a length of 220-240 nm and an average diameter of 2-3μm. When the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was introduced into the room-temperature reaction system, β-AgVO₃ nanorods was obtained with ca. 260 nm in diameter and 30 μm in length. In addition, β-AgVO₃ nanowires and nanobelts with the diameter ranging from 18 to 400 nm and length up to several tens of micrometer have been synthesized on a large scale by the hydrothermal approach. The whole process was carried out without the aid of any templates, or surfactants. Some factors affecting the shape of 1-D β-AgVO₃ nanomaterials were briefly discussed. Moreover, ultra-long beta-Ag_0.33V₂O₅ nanowires of have been also prepared by the hydrothermal method.2. Different acids were used as acidifying agent to effectively control the morphology...