Based On Statistical Data Processing And Theoretical Bridge

Basically,physics is an experimental science.The stack of the experimental data,however,is not the laws which describe the essence of the nature.Since the era of Newton,physicists who synthesize,organize and deepen the experimental phenomenon by the use of the most tools of advanced mathematics,have obtained the universal law.Today we are still following this approach that we "guess" the physical law,which is able to interpret and predict the other physical phenomenon due to its regularity and universality,from the phenomenon of experiment.Of course,this is not the all work in physics,where the law induced from phenomenon must be proved by other new experiments.When the law is used to explain the natural phenomenon,one should say that the theory is reasonable if its predictions are consistent with the experimental data.Otherwise, one should treat the theory as a uncorrected one,or at least a limited one,which needs to be corrected and generalized.This is a repeated and complex process, where the key part is to establish a bridge between experimental data and theory. For instance,Tycho-Kepler-Newton's study on the law of gravitation is just a long process which starts from pure experimental data to Kepler laws,and finally to the law of gravitation.It is a process which took a long period in which every part is absolutely necessary.Three centuries ago,however,physics involved was not too complex to need high professional knowledge.The middle part in this period may be relatively simple.With the rapid development of science and technology, we have accumulated so much knowledge which needs highly specialized division. And then the discipline is more complex so that one person can hardly devote himself effectively for theory and experiment at the same time,since both theory and experiment all need more and more high professional knowledge.Theory is more and more difficult,while it needs more and more mathematical tools;Correspondingly, the development of experimental technology is so rapid,while the random essential of microphysics requires the enormous sample of the experiment of particle physics,then the technology of data analysis is also more professional, at the same time the experimental apparatus is also more and more complex,more and more expensive,even that none of the countries in the world can afford it. The complication of physics makes the division more and more clear,so that we are hardly to find a person who masters theory and experiment at the same time. It appears that theory physicist can't understand the key point and the detail of a experimental paper,and that they don't known how to do statistical analysis of data,analysis of error and the test and elimination of the background.This is bad for judging the consistence of theory and experiment.And when they proposed a model which does not take consideration of the background,it also sets a barrier to the experimental physicist who wants to test it.The experimental physicist also can not understand the paper written by a theory physicist and described by advanced mathematical formulas,then they do not know which signal to measure, and how to set a experiment to check it.It seemed that there is a vast gap between theory and experiment.Such being the case,there is a requirement of people who not only know elementary theory but also know the procession of dealing with experimental data,and devote themselves to establishing a bridge between the theory physicist and experiment physicist:on the one hand,they should judge the veracity of the experimental data analysis,the validity and localization of theory model,and determinate the parameters of the theory model and raise difficult questions;on the other hand,they start from the theoretical model to the selection of the observation and the complete analysis of the background,and finally to the complete experiment set by experiment physicist.Our paper is devoted to establishing a bridge between theory and experiment from the two directions.Under the guidance of this thought,we bring up three works in this paper: 1.we studied the contribution of the annihilation diagram in charmless B decay, which is thought to be negligible and thought it is small in all corresponding theoretical studies up to this time.Through the study on the data of branch ratio in B~+→K~+/(?)~0 and B~0→K~0/(?)~0 we found that,the contribution cannot be zero. And also we found that the nonzero contribution of annihilation diagram plays a important role in the CP asymmetry ratio ofB~+→π~+K~0,K~+(?)~0.In this work we also proposal a limit of the contribution of new physics.2.we first time study the fitting-data of parameters of potential model of QCD multipole-gluon-expansion method for the transition ofψ(ns)→ψ(ms)+ππandγ(ns)→γ(ms)+ππby using least x~2 method,extracting information of theory from the experimental data as much as possible.Through this study,we determined the parameters of potential model in the hybrids state,which was determined by assuming a state as hybrids before.Thus we ensured the reliability of the theoretical calculation.At the same time we made a prediction of the mass ofη_b.We found that the ground state of hybrids did not have a correspond state in experiment,where may be hints us the hybrids may be always together with the regular pair of quark and anti-quark.3.We studied the testing of Bell inequality in the experiment of high energy physics,we firstly at first time simulate the successive decay J/ψ→γη_c→∧(?)→pπ~-(?)π~+ by using Monte-Carlo random experiment method,recording the directions of momentum of the production pions in the decay,we found how large database we need to distinguish the different of traditional quantum mechanics and the LHVT,and then we discussed the advantage and disadvantage of this method;then we raised in high energy physics a new proposition which can test strictly the Bell inequality under Einstein's non-local condition,and we discussed the advantages and the difficulties of this method.For reader's convenience and understand,we arrange this thesis as follows:Chapter One,introduction.We briefly introduced the relation between theory and experiment,the motivation of this thesis.Chapter Two,data analysis under statistics.We introduce the common knowledge of data analysis,such as chisquare method,error transfer and error analysis,confidence level and confidence interval,test of hypothesis,preliminary of Monte-Carlo method.Chapter Three,raise theoretical question through experimental data.We study model of the rare B decay from experimental data.This chapter divided into two part.Firstly we introduced the common flavor SU(3) model and quark diagram model of the rare B decay.Secondly we introduced how to get the limitation of the theoretical model through analytical method from experimental data.And then we introduced how to get a limitation from experimental data through chisquare fit method.In the last section of this chapter,we introduced the information which may be contained in the measurement of branch ration in B~+→K~+(?)~0 and B~0→K~0(?)~0.The experimental data show that the annihilation amplitude is not zero in these decays.Whereas the nonzero annihilation amplitude plays a important role in the CP violation in B~+→π~+K~0,K+(?)~0.With these measurement of branch ratio,we proved that there is a absolutely 5%bound of CP asymmetry in B~+→π+K~0 through the relation of these decay amplitude. However,this CP asymmetry can be large as 90%in B~+→K~+(?)~0.Future experimental data will test these predictions.Chapter Four,use least x~2 fit method analysis hybrids.One of the important task of high energy physics is searching exotic state,such as glueball,hybrids and multi-quark state.The transitionψ(ns)→ψ(ms)+ππandγ(ns)→γ(ms)+ππraised great interest,since they may reveal the character of hybrids.In this work,we use the theoretical frame established by Yan and Kuang to analyze the transition mode.Interestingly,when we noted that the intermediate state is the hybrids,we can determine the mass spectrum of hybrids by fitting data.The theory predict that the ground state of hybrids is 4.23 GeV(for charmium) and 10.79 GeV(对于bottonium),which is not corresponding to any state measured by experiments,thus this may hint that the hybrids together with quarkium consist the physical state.The potential of these hybrids has compared with the result obtained by lattice with corresponding parameters.Chapter Five,raise suggestion about experiments through theoretical model. We introduced the theory of Bell inequality and the status of experimental study, gave the simulated result from different experiment apparatus.And we raised some suggestion.Besides using laser,it is very tempting to test directly the Bell inequality in high energy physics,where the spin correlation is what the original Bell inequality studied.In this work,we follow the literate which proposed to test the Bell inequality in the successive decay J/ψ→γη_c→∧(?)→pπ~-(?)π~+.Our aim is twofold,namely,we use the Monte-Carlo method which based on quantum field theory to simulate this process.Because the under principle is quantum field theory,which means we admit the validity of quantum picture.If this is true,namely,if the quantum field theory is true,we need to find out how big the database must be to distinguish clearly the deviation from the local hidden variable theory.We found that this may be realized in the updated BESⅢ.There is some critics on our suggestion,we will continue to discuss these problems in Chapter Six.Chapter Six,the expansion and depth discuss about Bell inequality.Usually the testing of Bell inequality always receives various questions,so is our method which we followed in Chapter Five.We studied how can testing strictly the Bell inequality under the Einstein non-local condition.And then we gave our improved scheme.It can help us to remove the confusion from the critics.In this chapter we detailed the discussion about this scheme,its advantages and its difficulties. This reform may be realized in the updated factory,such as BESⅢ.Chapter Seven,discussion and outlook.We reviewed our work in this thesis, presented the sense of the bridge established between experiment and theory.