Typical Ecological Zones Of Northern China Climate Change On Farmland, Forest And Grassland Ecology Research

According to the available scientific research results at present, global climate change and the accompanying other global environmental change at several decades and long above 100 years time scales, which will seriously threat to anthropogenic activities and natural ecosystem for life on earth. So, the investigation on the influencing process and mechanism of global climate change on natural ecosystem, have became to key issues of global change research, and scientists and people have paid close attentions on the ones.The Huanhuaihai river basin (Henan), Xinjiang, Heilongjiang (Lesser Xing'an mountains) and Inner Mongolia (Xilinhot) as farmland, forests and grasslands typical ecological regions, respectively, were choose in the study. Based on the analysis of the regional characteristics of the climate change in different ecological zones, the paper comprehensively studied the effects of the climatic changes in typical ecological zones in northern China on the typical and sensitive environmental Indicators for farmland ecology, forest ecology and grassland ecology, including the effects of climate change on the soil moisture, crop growth, yield, woody plants, birds designate, vegetation NDVI, forest productivity, forest eco-environmental quality, grassland soil moisture and herbage yield, with the tendency, relative, EOF, sudden change detect, wavelet analysis, numerical simulation and other methods. Meanwhile, the paper also quantitatively studied the response mode of the soil moisture, crop, trees and grass under climate change conditions with the statistical and numerical models.The results showed in the thesis are as follows:(1) There have no significant variation for the growth periods of of winter wheat before overwintering, and they are ahead from the turning green to mature, with the most significant in jointing stage, simulatanously, the correlation model between wheat grain weight and meteorological factors was established. The growth periods of summer corn have delayed, with the greatest degree trends in maturity stage. The regression equation between critical meteorological factors and output was established, and gived some yield estimate index for cotton.(2) The average phenophase of woody plants shows the clearly ahead of the trend. According to thoughts of establishing crop growth period model, the forecasting model of beginning of flowering period of woody plant was established, which testing results showed that the model is much better. (3) On the basis of relation analysis between birds phenophases and meteorological factors, the optimal regression equation between the phenophase and meteorological factors was established, gaining the response relationship of birds phenophases to climate, which can provide the theoretical basis for the assessment of the ecological environment.(4) The variation of vegetation in Huanhuaihai River Basin was analyzed utilizing the data of vegetation NDVI, showing the NDVI values increase, meaning that the regional ecological status have improved. The rasterizing of precipitation and temperature in any meteorological stations, and computing the its correlation with NDVI values, provid one new idea to remot sensing research for the climate change effects on the vegetation.(5) The climate productivity of natural Korean pine forest, natural larch forests and man-made larch forests showed a downward trend, and its high-value areas have taken place regional migration phenomenon.(6) The main climatic factors of impact of changes in natural grassland soil moisture are precipitation and evaporation. With the changes of the difference between evaporation and precipitation analysis the effect of climate change on soil moisture is more intuitive. At the same time, the dynamical change of dry matter weight of natural herbage was simulated with system dynamical method, being helpful for the forcasting and assessment of herbage yields.The above conclusions improved the overall lack of research on the effects of the climate change on the different ecosystems in typical ecological zones of northern China. The study determined the relationship between the different climatic factors with the key monitoring indicators of different ecological region, such as the crop growing period, production, soil moisture, plants and birds phenology, vegetation cover, forest productivity and grass output, and established the statistical model and the mechanism model of the influence of the climate change on the different indicators, which have the important science values and appliance values for developing the studies of the influence of climate change and the regional response monitoring and the ecological environmental vulnerability assessment, and which also are contribution to the further improve of current ecological and meteorological monitoring stations and monitoring indicators of the quality control data. Meanwhile, the study has important guiding significance for sustainable development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry under climate change conditions, and also is the important supplement and improvement for the study of the global climate change on a regional response.