Study On Status Of Wine Regions In China And Impact Of Climate Change On It

The range of wine grape cultivation in China was widely.The fine investigation and analysis of Chinese wine regions will help to fully recognize the ecological advantages,promote the regionalization of varieties and wine styles,explore the optimum cultivation mode for making wines with high quality and developing wine regions with diverse characteristics.With global warming,FRD,DI and minimum temperature in variety regions of China were changed.The climate of Northeast in China was markedly changed.Therefore,based on the investigation of wine-grape production areas in China,the study on climate change and climate regionalization of wine grape was related to the long-term development of wine grape cultivation and wine industry in China.Questionnaires and expert consultation were used to gather informations on the current status of all above-mentioned Chinese wine regions.Based on the results of investigation,climate analysis was carried out on the main cultivated areas in Northeast China.We used Mann-Kendall test,time series trend analysis and relative variability to analyzed the impact of climate change on wine-grape production areas in Northeast China from1971 to 2016.Used ArcGIS and climatic data of 359 meteorological stations around Northeast China,drawn the decadal climatic regionalization map of wine grape in Northeast China.The main results are as follows:?1?There were 11 wine-grape production areas in Chian.Only the survey data of Helan Mountain East Region,North East and Inner Mongolia were the most detailed.Other regions had a great deal of problems,such as the data statistics were relatively or the data of some regions in the production areas were difficult to count and so on.In recent years,the cultivation areas of wine grape had changed greatly between years,the production area of Ancient Yellow River had been seriously reduced.And there was short of long-term planning,which was not conducive to the protect and manage wine grape.There also had serious homogenization of wine grape varieties,such as Cabernet Sauvignon,Merlot,Yan73 and Chardonnay.Most regions lacked of local characteristics,and Chinese unique germplasm resources need to be further developed and utilized.?2?The climatic changes of 13 wine-grape cultivation areas in Northeast China were analyzed.By the research we found that:the average temperatures from April to September of Northeast China were increased since 1971,with a climate mutational site beginning around1995.However,the temperature fluctuates greatly at the early stage of the growing season?April?,and extreme low temperature and extensive frost were widely in spring.The average active accumulated temperature and effective accumulated temperature during growing season of wine grape increased by 192?and 142?,around 1995.The FRD had increased by 3-19d,around 1995.The date of first frost was in early October and mid-October,and the last frost date occurred in mid-April.The number of days at which the minimum temperature dropped below-15?had decreased by 0.5-15 days,and the minimum temperature had increased by 0.2-3.4?,around 1995 in various regions.The change of DI was periodically,in recent years,had a decreasing trend,but in most areas 1<DI<1.6.Overall,the climate of North East region changed towards the direction of more suitable for wine grape cultivation.?3?With the global warming,the boundary of FRD cultivation moved northward to Jiamusi.The DI in wine grape growing season reduced in 1980s,and picked up in 21^st Century,the trend was not clear or periodic oscilltation.The change mechanism of DI was still need to further explore.The results of climatic regionalization in Northeast China were more suitable for the cultivation of wine grape,and most of the existing cultivation fields were within the suitable range of temperature and water content.?4?The climatic regionalization of future wine grape in Northe East shows that the suitable cultivation area of wine grape producing area was expanded in North East,and water would be the main limited factor in the future in North East.With the global warming,the areas,which were originally limited by frost-free periods and limited by insufficient accumulated temperature,would become suitable for wine grape cultivation.As a representative of North East,different production areas also shew different trends of change.The original cultivation areas would developde towards more suitable for wine grape growth,and it was hopeful to cultivate higher quality wine grape in the future.The wine producing area of North East had great development potential in the future.The influence of the distribution of producing areas needed to be r explored in the furthe.