| As the construction of Energy - Chemistry Industry Base has been speeded up, the development degree of groundwater resources in Erdos Cretaceous Groundwater Basin promoted increasingly. But, the development of groundwater also caused a series of unacceptable consequences, including depletion of ground-water storage, reduction in stream flow, potential loss or even disappearing of lake, saltwater intrusion, etc. It has been urgent to find a set of sustainable manner to develop and manage groundwater resources.In this dissertation, ground-water sustainability was defined as development and use of ground water in a manner that can be maintained for an indefinite time without causing unacceptable environmental, economic, or social consequences. In view of the specific conditions including meteorology, hydrology, geology, geomorphy, ecologic environment and hydrogeology etc, the sustainable development of groundwater resources in Erdos Cretaceous Groundwater Basin was studied for the first time from three aspects of groundwater system: circulation system, storage system and water quality factor, (Meanwhile, this also is the first systematic study on sustainability of groundwater resources, which aimed at achieving harmonious development between groundwater exploitation and society, economy, environment, in a groundwater system which has not been well developed at a great degree.) in order to find a set of sustainable manner and countermeasures to develop and manage groundwater resources in this basin, and at the same time to promote the ecologic environment.Firstly, guided by groundwater system theory, new classification of Erdos Cretaceous Groundwater system was made. According stratigraphy, lithology and media characteristics of aquifers and types of groundwater, the aquifer system was classified into 3 aquifer sub-systems: Quaternary pore and crack-cave aquifer sub-system, tertiary crack-pore aquifer sub-system and Cretaceous pore-crack aquifer sub-system. According the differences of groundwater discharge, the groundwater flow system was classified into 3 flow sub-systems: eastern desert plateau groundwater flow sub-system(WUDING River watershed, I ), western desert plateau groundwater flow sub-system(DUSITU River watershed, II ), northern desert plateau groundwater flow sub-system(MOLIN River watershed, III), eastern loess plateau groundwater flow sub-system(LUO River and HULU River watershed, IV),western loess plateau groundwater flow sub-system(JING River watershed, V).For the study of relationship between groundwater circulation system and sustainability of groundwater resources, a hypothetical numerical model which considers river discharge, evapotranspiration, multi-aquifer, partial-penetrated well has been employed for the first time to study the sustainability of groundwater resources in desert plateau by using the methods of controlled numerical experiment as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis. A new groundwater development manner for desert plateau area in the north of the basin was put forward for the first time, which is: the Cretaceous confined aquifer is the most suitable target aquifer for pumping, mid-lift type partial-penetrated well is the most suitable pumping well, the suitable screen length of well is 100m . As for the region where has no Quaternary aquifer or the thickness of Quaternary aquifer is limited, more than 50m of the screen setting depth is better. As for loess plateau area in the south of the basin, in the river valley of JING River, groundwater development should adopt the near-river manner, in loess plain, the main pumping target aquifer is loess aquifer, in the river valley of MALIAN River, the main pumping target aquifer is Cretaceous aquifer. According to the search results in several network databases, the controlled numerical model employed in this dissertation and the groundwater development manner for desert plateau in the north of Erdos Cretaceous Groundwater Basin has never reported before.For the relationship between groundwater storage system and sus...
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