| The traditional relay can be summarized as "the post life" four words, and back in the long course of development, and is also a long. Postal delivery utility was limited to official documents and material transfer and in the development process of continuous and military institutions linked, military continued to increase. Because of the commandment, used for official purposes, "test station design, their duties only for countries convey orders, to transmit military, Chi Yi officials and transport Qianliang, rather than convenient public communications agency." Since modern times, China has been the rise of the post business, is the construction of a modern country in the process of building a no difference between the distribution channels of social information and new social interaction. Today we for postal cognitive concept, based on the angle of the industry itself, the social and public services are comprehensive, the post has already become the use of all delivery network around the world, to the society provide transfer physical carrier of information, deliver goods and other services related to the industry. This concept reflects the post is a service industry, the main business of the post service is posting and delivery services, and other business is realized by use of the postal network. The origin of the modern postal imported in the west, for the modern China in receiving the western new system are two basic thread of thought, on the one hand is to modern postal elements from the continuous introduction of the west, on the other hand is the transformation of traditional postal system, two main intertwined and contributed to modern since our country of modern postal cognitive evolution.In the post before, Sichuan Province exist parallel the traditional post and local civil Bureau of information exchange in the network, and showed the feature of space. Sichuan Post node set, began in the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the space to expand, first to Chengdu as the center to implement perimeter coverage, in sequential stepwise strengthened east road, South Road, West Road, finally is formed to cover the spatial layout of the province. Sichuan postal office, roughly in Daoguang, Tongzhi years of its development has reached a peak, in business will continue to expand at the same time, by its branches and business lines woven network began covering the whole of Sichuan, and gradually improve private information transfer situation. And Sichuan Post in Chengdu as the core of development model different, core postal office in Chongqing as the center of East Sichuan, Chongqing government office within the territory of the postal office in perfect and consolidate its east to route traffic at the same time, began to gradually turn the service node and line extends to the Western Sichuan area, such a development trajectory and constructs in the administrative hierarchy based on the post system different.After the late Qing Dynasty, the national postal system was gradually constructed, which was an important practice of the modern China in the era of the west to the East. Initial, modern postal system dominated by the West customs system extension and gradually developed, since Guangxu twenty-two years of Qing Dynasty Post founded after, through the integration of the period, the traditional postal delivery system of, and under the multi game with folk letter Bureau and foreign guest post, a national postal network opening slowly and gradually radiation to imperial rule in extension of each regional level. In the last days of empire is on the verge of collapse, the Qing Dynasty Post basically completed the in the nationwide system extension and expansion of the territory, clear delineation of the responsibilities of the internal system, and on the start-up of the postal system space layout, practice these far-reaching affected the extension of modern Chinese society in many aspects. When the postal system itself has also become an important part in the contact superstructure and primary society complex intermediate level in the extension of governance, contact area of the communication, plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the dissemination of information in many aspects.Spatial features can be described as the customs postal period and Qing Dynasty Post founder, the former, mechanism and line space layout, we found that, while the west to the radiation of the province’s business branch depends mainly on civil letter Bureau completed, its subordinate branches and core routes concentrated along the Yi Chang- Chongqing extension of the Chuanjiang River, the organization has been extended to the river with prominent traffic status of Township, routes by land and by sections and the mode of operation. So the space of Sichuan post is in the beginning of the time, and it is to the east of Chongqing along the Yangtze River to the southeast of the Yangtze River. Nationally, the East Sichuan become at that time the postman channel of the Yangtze River Basin extending from the east west end, and Sichuan, East Sichuan postal affairs has become the province postal east of the starting point of the communicated with the provinces in the eastern part of the important corridor. After the founder of the Qing Dynasty Post, after several years of development, to the Xuantong period, Qing Dynasty post period of Sichuan postal system covering the space has been greatly extended, preceded by East Sichuan area along the river band Empire to the west along the Chengdu Chongqing Road extension, thus forming a Tuojiang River and Minjiang River basin two emerging post on the lot. To from east to west, to Chongqing for the support, constitute the surround area of central Sichuan Basin extending crescent post on the strip, thus West to expand the focus of the history of postal development space. Divergent postal layout is used in Central Sichuan, southern, and in Xikang province of the Department is mainly take single linear extended layout. This period of Sichuan postal core zone on the grounds east along the river to the west by the transfer of Chongqing, Chongqing Road, and this divergence and the postal agencies through various branch routes collection in Sri Lanka, the trunk extension and regional radiation post expansion, arrived in the spatial pattern of Xuantong years of Sichuan postal.Studies have shown that in the Republic of China, the revolution of 1911 itself to construct in the last years of the Qing Dynasty Post itself did not constitute a too big effect. Whether the revolutionary government from the international level or its own control of the regional perspective, the national postal network is not fully accepted possible. More substantive postal reform took place in the second year of the Republic(1913), under the Beiyang government, the restructuring of the regional postal organization is in the period of the Republic of China since the first for postal system reform, the content can be roughly divided into two parts, one for the adjustment of the level control system, and authorities to re sub sector; second post space layout changes, still contains postal node adjustment, postman settings and postal district of evolution. The restructuring of the basic framework of the postal system in the period of the Republic of China was established in a certain extent, in terms of Sichuan Post, after the restructuring after to defense period in eastern Sichuan Postal Administration of divide and conquer, postal system and spatial pattern entered the a relatively stable stage, in addition to the functions and institutional steadily expanding, did not have too big change.At the completion of the transformation of the system, postal services can be further extended, the rising volume of business, and compared to the end of the Qing Dynasty, the rise trend is decreased, especially the development of new business flow was stagnant state, potential advantage of the new system did not in the short term were excited. The whole postal space formed in this period, postal service of Sichuan in the West and north respectively has been expanded, covering part of the late Qing Dynasty postal blank areas. In the spatial arrangement, the postal service during this period lasted in the late Qing Dynasty has formed the pattern of change is very limited. That is to rely on the core of the traffic line, and through a small branch to the surrounding radiation. In the period of postal node to rely on, the period of high level fast postman concentrated in Chengdu Chongqing Road, along the Yangtze River in the east of Sichuan, Chengdu North Chuan Shan line a, and Chengdu to south of the Minjiang River Basin, still take the pattern is deployed along the main road. The parallel and intertwined routes link has been formed in some areas, but this link belongs to high cycle, multi node, cross regional overall link, internal branch development is very limited, less direct communication between the core postal node and therefore still belongs to single core divergence type layout of the postman. Also worthy of note is that in the Minjiang River Valley in Leshan, Jianwei center routes link, internal cross branch growth is rapidder, resulting in Minjiang River Basin and extending along the Tuojiang River in Chengdu Chongqing road between constitute multiple communication, and become the Sichuan first formed in the grid layout of the prototype. The outstanding development of postal services in the region is separated from the Chengdu Chongqing million between the existing postal center. Therefore, we can conclude that, in the early years of the Republic of China, by the Chengdu southward routes development become the center of gravity.After the revolution of 1911, situation in Sichuan confusion, in view of the main things to to the opposing military core geopolitical characteristics of civil war, Sichuan postal segmentation for Dongchuan zip and Xichuan postal district two. When the boundaries between the East, Xichuan postal district generally to the county boundaries, and break the Sichuan Road level administrative unit boundaries, Dongchuan postal boundaries beyond when Dongchuan Road boundaries, and to the West and southwest to expand.From the type of business and the focus of development, this period is too big difference with the Republic of China two years after the reform is not in different business categories, respectively, the total has a different evolution tendency. Postal division after, two postal business volume than the before the separation is still in a steadily rising trend, the postal flow East, Xichuan area under the jurisdiction of the rise. But national postal business volume, after the partition of the East, Xichuan postal business volume in proportion to their share of the country’s overall in some years in the downward trend, the overall is in a flat trend, thus we can seen during the period of Sichuan postal business flow volume within the perspective, the essence is in a stagnation in the development trend. Two postal district to carry out different types of service flow, Xichuan postal district in the aggregate occupy the advantage, but the total advantage of core support is foundation of the elements of the population and town as the core of the mail delivery and foreign exchange business; Dongchuan postal district in business volume of slightly less than one percent, but the advantage is this period new business expansion and postal fast circulation business, and rely on the postal basic elements of Xichuan postal district is different, in Chongqing as the core of the Dongchuan postal postal development rely on the core elements of the focus on superior geographical factors and traffic location.Recuperate the postal agencies and postman scope, the period of postal territory further westward expansion to Western Xikang dege, Baan line, in Xikang southern, southeastern and Northern Sichuan also extend and covers in the early years of the Republic of China, part of the postal blank areas. From the point of view of spatial structure. During this period in the early days of the Republic of China in the east of Chongqing along the Yangtze River and the Chengdu Chongqing Road formed by Xingyue shaped post core zone around the middle zone of postal filling and postal node and line extension is very obvious, coupled with the Chengdu in the south of the Minjiang River Basin and southern Sichuan postal expansion, the Sichuan East, central and southern parts of the mechanism and line distribution intensive, which makes core postal territory from the previous East-West zonal distribution change during this period of slug gather type distribution, and in the territory surrounding the core is relatively sparse. From the point of view of the distribution of institutions. During this period, a new set of postal agencies to county legacy and core routes surrounding agglomeration trend more obvious. Therefore, it is county-level postal agencies of the layout, often appear internal postal blank area, the coverage of rural areas not very uniform. From the point of view of the distribution of the postman, postman of new construction in addition to including the existing routes extend and upgrade the core route between communication in the heart of the post layout is quite obvious, the most prominent is Ogawa, North Road and Chengdu Chongqing reach between, north-south line number to go to the postman feeder, and the more efficient routes organization form to be through. And a point worth noting is that area in Southeast Chongqing and in the center of Xichang Xikang southern area, within the district in nodes and routes set there is a great breakthrough, but with the developed areas of postal communication line is very weak, often only a single postman connected and organized in the form of a grade is very low. This has resulted in this period marginal area in the process of postal expand in-house, from the internal trend.After the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan, dramatic changes in the situation of Sichuan Post itself development produced a very great influence, from at the beginning of the war the postal administration of postal affairs report description we found, since Xing army in the war, forced by the war damage, China’s postal services to avoid war facing great difficulties. The produced dramatic changes and the environment of war also from on the other hand, constantly reshaping the existing postal pattern and the development of postal area exerts special effects, in terms of Sichuan Post, in the whole nation moved and rear area construction of discourse, Sichuan Post entered the stage of a rapid development, short period of construction and the large population of material inflow also makes the spatial layout of Sichuan Post in the previous basis. To the war, the postal system has become the various system branch has the most prosperous system. During the Anti Japanese War, a large number of resources and technical forces entered into, making telecommunications and postal savings to become an important branch of Sichuan post, and the rapid promotion and development. Telecom belongs to the telegraph, the telephone, radio, the cross section of fast information channel soon covering the whole province and Sichuan telecommunications industry by the physical plane into three-dimensional space leading telecommunications, rapid communication with the decree of zero distance communication to build a strong platform for interval information’s fast.From the view of space structure, we find that during this period the postal agencies have more uniform covering the eastern, Xichuan postal district under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Province, relatively sparse area for the Department of Sichuan Province of northeast and southwest Sichuan. In Xikang Province, an extension of the post layout also has a single extended variable as the lateral extension of the model, many pre war in county-level units of postal gaps are covered, and past single Bureau of the county unit has become the supporting the post office and the agent’s complex. From the perspective of the development of the postman, wartime province postman Ganzhi system is no longer apparent, and postman organizational form of the extent to which fast and to distinguish the interpretation of the relationship of heavenly stems and earthly branches also increased with the out of date. Now Sichuan postman has in most places formed a grid layout, before the war has already formed many routes link have been expanding, and in the internal loop developed branch of staggered, postal node between the trunk also postman directly through. On the occasion in Sichuan Province routes network pattern party report form.In since modern times the development of postal combing process, we can to the traditional post and modern postal were relatively clear concept boundary, in western customs under the auspices of the initial configuration of the modern postal system become the build our undifferentiated information transmission platform of practice first sound, and later gradually developed into the modern postal system, became the one by the state as the leading, community oriented integrated social service network. Compared with the traditional post, the system relies on the is not limited to administrative control path, but to include economic, administrative, transportation and other many paths intersect in regional social network fabric based on; the job efficiency also spread by single decree extended to to transmit the information and the main stem and incidental culture, finance, logistics and other functions integrated social service system; in terms of the business audience broke the traditional post officials and the public to binary the basic orientation, and is no longer limited to official audience, but to expand in order for the various social strata and groups of undifferentiated information distribution platform.From the point of view of the history of late Qing Dynasty Sichuan Post, process of this one transition didn’t happen overnight, but the experience of the one by the end of the Qing Dynasty until the Republic of China is a long stage, in which the traditional post and postal bureau system gradually withdraw from the stage of history, the system gradually disintegrated and resolve for communication resources gradual integration into the continuous development of the postal system. And new modern postal is in continue to absorb the traditional post remnants of the resources and the system of the reasonable elements of process, continue to grow, and from the part on the early stages of the postal office eventually developed into a regional postal exclusive period. Analysis from the above the development of Sichuan Post evolution mileage, we can divide Sichuan this phase transformation process is divided into three different stages, namely the postal pilot period, the post was officially set up exclusive period and post period. High potential of Western civilization system. In the course of China’s modernization, by input and initial construction, development and expansion to eventually occupied the core position, and the superiority of the potential of the system level is in with historical background and local characteristics of continuous running in the process of gradually manifested, and presents a successive upgrading trend.From the Sichuan post space development mode, we according to the characteristics of different periods of postal node expansion and postman’s extension can be characterized for three stages, axis of the ribbon shape expansion of the first stage of mainly for the end of the Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China. At the beginning of the construction, maintain the significance of concentrated areas east of Chongqing along the Yangtze River Distribution of banded mail, for Sichuan Province to promote the east of mastery, and for the country as a whole is to guarantee the Western endpoint. The second stage by highlighting the around the province postal core zone of the internal improvement and external expansion trend, including the Sichuan civil war period until the outbreak of the war, the stage in the province by the formation of the post core area has exceeded of banded extension, while showing a central POLY ROPE trend. The third stage for postal space no difference balanced expansion, the characteristics embodied in the Anti Japanese war in the late, accompanied by rapid growth of township level agencies and uniform coverage to many county in Sichuan, and supporting rural postman rapid extension, which before the war formed pattern of Sichuan Province postal territory, namely central core area, along the important traffic line extension of the Ganzhi and North Sichuan and Chongqing "s Southeast, southwest of Sichuan and other areas of edge elements began tends to blur, and replaced by is a balanced comprehensive spatial expansion.Aspects discussed in the post space shaping force, since the end of the Qing Dynasty open Sichuan postal space layout in the long-term evolution process, its influence from every aspect, the political, economic and urban, population, terrain, traffic elements can be described as all encompassing, if the reason still can be summarized as top-down system design and bottom-up regional characteristics. And from the in between these two paths of postal history point of view, system design and the area between the elements did not exist violent confrontation, the postal system development and space construction in the hedge relationship balance zone, and make timely adjustments, reflecting the good adaptability of Sichuan Post embodied on the level of institutional development. |
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