Measure And Analysis Of Rural Household Welfare From The Perspective Of Human Capital Disparity

In the process of China’s modernization, industrialization and urbanization, the problems of agriculture, rural area and peasantry is the most urgent and basic problem, and the problem of peasantry is the core content. The welfare state of the farmers can reflect the living conditions and living standards of the farmers, so it is a very important indicator directly measuring China’s modernization process. The individual’s welfare state can affect the results of the study because the individual division of labor in the family are different, resulting in a big difference in the welfare of the members of the same family. Therefore, this paper will study the family as the research object, from the perspective of human capital differences, on the basis of the measurement of household welfare, and further analyze the impact of human capital on the factors of farmers’ welfare.Based on the theory of family function in family economics and Amartya Sen’s feasible capability, this paper selects the relevant data of farmers in Liaoning Province from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in Peking University. First, from the level of education, health status and employment migration of the three aspects, we use the cluster analysis method to divided the sample households in accordance with the level of human capital; According to the results of statistical analysis, using fuzzy evaluation method to measure the five functional activities of the welfare state, and from the perspective of human capital differences, we measured all kinds of human capital level of household welfare status of farmers, and finally found out the main influencing factors of agricultural welfare.The final conclusions of this paper include:(1) The level of overall human capital of rural labor force is low. This shows that,.on one hand, after classifying the farmers’human capital, the farmers can be divided into high human capital, medium human capital and low human capital. The analysis results show that the proportion of low human capital is the highest, followed by the high human capital and medium human capital. On the other hand, according to the average education years of farmers’ labor force, the average education years of high human capital, medium human capital and low human capital are 9 years,8 years and 6 years respectively. Therefore, from the above data, we can see that the overall education level of rural labor is still at a relatively low level.(2) There is a big difference in the employment characteristics of different human capital. The statistical result shows that the level of education and employment of the labor force have become the two core elements of human capital. And the clustering analysis of the different human capital of farmers, the farmers of the family, whether from the perspective of the numbers, or the time of migrant workers, there is a big difference between the medium human capital and high human capital, or low human capital farmers. In the medium of human capital, there are migrant workers and experiences, the difference is only the number of people, and high human capital, low human capital, the proportion of farmers without the staff out of countryside takes the absolute proportion. In addition, from the perspective of the average time of the different human capital, the average annual working hours of the high capital labor force, low capital labor force, are shorter, while that of the medium human capital is the longest. In the further analysis, it is found that the high human capital labor has a strong local employment ability, most of the labor in the local engaged in a more stable, and low human capital of rural labor education level is low, the employment ability is poor, most of them work in the local traditional agricultural production. On the part of the medium human capital, its labor education level is relatively high, with strong ability to go out. Therefore, a considerable proportion of the labor force achieves the transfer of labor through the way of leaving home to work, which improves the family income.(3) The increase in human capital had obvious effect on the improvement of rural household welfare. In this paper, the farmers’ welfare is divided into two major parts:economic welfare and non-economic welfare. Economic welfare mainly from the perspective of household income determination:non-economic welfare from the four aspects of the study, that is, the children care, elderly support, family relations and leisure life. After the fuzzy evaluation, we found that there is a difference in the family welfare of different human capital level. From the whole point of view, the human capital and the household welfare is the same as the direction of the change.(4) Low income level is an important reason for the low level of farmers’ welfare:We carried on the farmers’ welfare evaluation from five aspects, to compare these five contents of the evaluation results, we found that there were some differences in the measurement results of different human capital. And overall, at present, our country farmer welfare still stays in a lower state, but still haven’t not reached the general welfare level. At the same time, it is found that household income is the worst, and the low level of economic welfare is the main reason for the low level of farmers’ overall welfare. In addition, according to the results of different human capital level of economic welfare measure, it is shown that the different welfare state of different human capital in the family economy is mainly caused by the difference between the non-farm income, raising the non-farm income is the effective way to improve the economic welfare of the family.(5) There are some differences in the welfare content of different human capital:For the functional activities of the farmers’ welfare measures, the higher the human capital, the higher the economic welfare, however, for the non-economic welfare, the household human capital and the functional activity index did not fully reflect the same direction of the change. In the three aspects of children care, elderly support, family relationship, the welfare state of high human capital is the best, while the welfare of the medium human capital is lower than that of the low human capital.(6) Elements of human capital have a significant impact on the welfare of farmers:The human capital of the four different elements (per capita by years of education, health score, labor migrant population, labor force outgoing workers the average time) on peasants’ welfare effect is analyzed in this paper. Regression results show that these four factors have an impact on farmers’ welfare, and welfare of farmers appear to increase with three factors, per capita by years of education, health score, labor workers average time out, and labor force outgoing migrant workers and the welfare of farmers showed the reverse changes in the relationship.