The Study On Chinese Rural Surplus Labor Force Tranfer

It is an inexorable law of economic and social development and an inevitable trend of industrialization and modernization for surplus rural labor force to transfer to non-agricultural industries labor force. The transfer of surplus rural labor is not only a core issue of the theory of economic development, but also a burning question in China’s modernization. Compared with other countries, China, on different conditions, should explore her own transfer strategies.Since80s of20th century, in China, rural labor force have been transferring to non-agricultural industries and cities and towns on a large scale, which affects China’s allocation of labor resources, adjustment of industrial structure, evolution of social structure.This thesis aims to study the strategies and methods of the transfer of surplus rural labor force in China from a multi-disciplinary perspective. More specifically, the chapters are arranged as following.As an introduction, chapter one mainly represents this research’s background, topic basis, theoretical value and realistic significance, as well as the analytical framework, key component and main innovation. Additionally, basic concepts, hypothetical conditions and research approaches are defined here.Chapter two is the literature review. Being theoretical basis of the thesis, this part centers on previous studies, both at home and broad, on the basic theories and current researches of labor force transfer, especially on the transfer motivation and hindrance. Furthermore, the theoretical framework of analyses is refined.Chapter three centers on relative theories of the transfer of surplus rural labor force. The transfer strategies must be built on current research achievements to absorb essence and draw experiences. By analyzing the transfer methods of countries or regions with different forms of state, such as America, England, Japan, Korean, Taiwan China, Brazil and so on, contribution and limitation of these transfer methods, together with their enlightenment to China, are pointed out. Chapter four mainly describes current situations, feathers and tendency of the transfer of surplus rural labor force in China. For one thing, China’s history, current situations and development trend of the transfer are reviewed. For another, China’s feathers and problems of the transfer of surplus rural labor force are summed up. All the researches are based on the uniqueness of China’s actual conditions, so this chapter provides a solid foundation in reality and the time-background for the whole thesis.Chapter five explores the reasons and the restraining factors of the transfer of surplus rural labor force in China, and its significance for national economy growth and accumulation, industrialization and urbanization, rural economic and social development, farmers’ income raise, and the reasonable allocation of labor force. At the same time, the negative effects are also argued.Chapter six is about the transfer’s principles, ideas and method choice in China. Generally speaking, it would both absorb other countries’ experience and take China’s realities into consideration. For the basic principles, there is "four combinations":the combination of the transfer of surplus rural labor force and the solution to the problem of "agriculture, peasants and rural areas", and the promotion of urbanization, and the adjustment of industrial structure, and the government’s and marketization’s regulation. These principles are put forward under the background of that China’s rural labor force and surplus labor force is unreasonable, urban and rural areas are separated, the urbanization level is still low, the employment structure transformation lags behind, etc. By the four principles, then, the basic ideas are addressed, which are "seven persistences":firstly, persisting with the economic development method of employment-prior to provide more chances for rural labor force; secondly, persisting in attach equal importance to transfer intra-agriculture and transfer to secondary and tertiary industry to transfer rural labor force by various channels; thirdly, persisting in transferring both locally and nonlocally and developing township and village enterprises; fourthly, persisting with the coordinated development between small towns and cities, medium-sized and large cities to promote farmers transfer to cities and towns regularly; fifthly, persisting in advancing the urban and rural complementary reform to eliminate institutional obstacles for rural workers in cites to find jobs and houses; sixthly, persisting in improving the quality of rural labor force to transform the rural population pressure into human capital advantages; seventhly, persisting in transferring both at home and abroad and carrying out cooperative overseas labor services. And then, the author explore four kinds of transfer methods for China rural labor force, that is "quitting farming but not leaving village","both quitting farming and leaving village","neither quitting farming nor leaving village","leaving village for downtown".Chapter seven focuses on the institutional arrangement and the policy orientation of China’s transfer of surplus rural labor force. Consulting practical experience at home and abroad, aiming at the problems and difficulties in China’s rural labor force transfer, pursuing the feasibility and maneuverability, strategies and proposals are given form the these seven aspects, developing modern agriculture, advancing countryside urbanization, promoting countryside industrialization, deepening the reform of household registration system and land system, increasing investment in rural human capital, and expanding international export of labor services.The logical thought and the methodology of this thesis is that, based on necessary materials, by theoretical and empirical research as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis, an objective and comprehensive conclusion is conducted. As to the methodology, this thesis combines the historical analysis with the present analysis, the static research with the dynamic research, and the comparative study with the empirical study. The transfer of surplus rural labor force is a comprehensive social and political issue that cannot be studied from the perspective of a single discipline. So it should be an interdisciplinary research both theoretically and methodologically, which absorb the achievement of economics, sociology, demography and so on.